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An introduction to loop quantum gravity is given, focussing on the fundamental aspects of the theory, different approaches to the dynamics, as well as possible future directions. It is structured in five lectures, including exercises, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-19 Norbert Bodendorfer

The theory of measurement is employed to elucidate the physical basis of general relativity. For measurements involving phenomena with intrinsic length or time scales, such scales must in general be negligible compared to the (translational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Bahram Mashhoon

This article presents a simple model that reproduces key concepts of modern cosmology within the framework of special relativity, at a level that is suitable for an undergraduate or high school setting. The model includes cosmic expansion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-14 Markus Pössel

By using the general concepts of special relativity and the requirements of quantum mechanics, Dirac equation is derived and studied. Only elementary knowledge of spin and rotations in quantum mechanics and standard handlings of linear…

General Physics · Physics 2011-10-03 M. De Sanctis

Introductory lectures on the phenomenology of the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model. The emphasis is on general signatures for supersymmetry and on the motivation for constructing supersymmetric models. These lectures are intended for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-04-11 S. Dawson

The aim of this paper is to present a new logic-based understanding of the connection between classical kinematics and relativistic kinematics. We show that the axioms of special relativity can be interpreted in the language of classical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-02-23 Koen Lefever , Gergely Székely

The Special Theory of Relativity and the Theory of the Electron have had an interesting history together. Originally the electron was studied in a non relativistic context and this opened up the interesting possibility that lead to the…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 B. G. Sidharth

The general theory of relativity is currently established as the most precise theory of gravity supported by observations, and its application is diverse ranging from astronomy to cosmology, while its application to astrophysics has been…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-16 Shuichi Yokoyama

The purpose of these lecture notes is to describe the gravitational lens effects in different astrophysical contexts. These notes are voluntarily focused on the fundamental mechanisms and the basic concepts that are useful to describe these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Bernardeau

Under the assumption of closed-path velocity of light invariant, we show both the general expression of velocity of light in an ordinary inertial reference frame and the generalized Lorentz transformation between the ordinary inertial…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Daqing Liu , Xinghua Li , Yanshen Wang

In this paper, it is shown why Lorentz Transformation implies the general case where observed events are not necessarily in the inertia frame of any observer but assumes a special scenario when determining the length contraction and time…

General Physics · Physics 2012-09-24 Ibrahim M. Alabdulmohsin

In the standard cosmological theory one uses the Einstein concepts of space and time as were originally introduced for the special theory of relativity and the general relativity theory. According to this approach all physical quantities…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Moshe Carmeli

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to some fundamental issues in General Relativity. It is argued that these deep issues cannot be resolved within the standard approach to general relativity that considers {\em every} solution…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Sanjay M. Wagh

I give a concise introduction into high energy cosmic ray physics, including also few related aspects of high energy gamma-ray and neutrino astrophysics. The main emphasis is placed on astrophysical questions, and the level of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-01-30 M. Kachelriess

Special functions have always played a central role in physics and in mathematics, arising as solutions of particular differential equations, or integrals, during the study of particular important physical models and theories in Quantum…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Enrico Masina

The concept of an objective spatial direction in special relativity is investigated and theories assuming light-speed isotropy while accepting the existence of a privileged spatial direction are classified. A natural generalization of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-06-30 Marco Mamone-Capria

We define 1+1 dimensional de Sitter manifold in this paper and we consider various coordinate systems on it. Some interesting aspects of the general theory of relativity are demonstrated by using the transformations between the considered…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Michal Demetrian

This paper is based on a series of talks given at the ESI program on 'Mathematical Perspectives of Gravitation Beyond the Vacuum Regime' in February 2022. It is meant to be an introduction to the field of relativistic elasticity for readers…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-24 Robert Beig

This text aims to explain general relativity to geometers who have no knowledge about physics. Using handwritten notes by Michel Vaugon, we construct the bases of the theory.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-03-14 Emmanuel Humbert

This document is an introduction to and review of two-dimensional mathematical physics. The reader is introduced to the subject matter primarily through problems, which are presented along with detailed worked solutions. For each chapter,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 C. J. Efthimiou , D. A. Spector