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Most current blockchains require all full nodes to execute all tasks limits the throughput of existing blockchains, which are well documented and among the most significant hurdles for the widespread adoption of decentralized technology.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Alexander Hentschel , Yahya Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi , Ramtin Seraj , Dieter Shirley , Layne Lafrance

Distributed consensus mechanisms have been widely researched and made popular with a number of blockchain-based token applications, such as Bitcoin, and Ethereum. Although these general-purpose platforms have matured for scale and security,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Steven Platt , Miquel Oliver-Riera

Given the parallels between game theory and consensus, it makes sense to intelligently design blockchain or DAG protocols with an incentive-compatible-first mentality. To that end, we propose a new blockchain or DAG protocol enhancement…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Drew Stone

In the context of blockchain systems, the importance of decentralization is undermined by the lack of a widely accepted methodology to measure it. To address this gap, we set out a systematization effort targeting the decentralization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Christina Ovezik , Dimitris Karakostas , Mary Milad , Aggelos Kiayias , Daniel W. Woods

At the heart of the Bitcoin is a blockchain protocol, a protocol for achieving consensus on a public ledger that records bitcoin transactions. To the extent that a blockchain protocol is used for applications such as contract signing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

Blockchain technologies originate from cryptocurrencies. Thus, most blockchain technologies assume an environment with a fast and stable network. However, in some blockchain-based systems, e.g., supply chain management (SCM) systems, some…

Blockchain eliminates the need for trusted third-party intermediaries in business by enabling decentralised architecture design in software applications. However, the vulnerabilities in on-chain autonomous decision-makings and cumbersome…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yue Liu , Qinghua Lu , Guangsheng Yu , Hye-Young Paik , Liming Zhu

Consensus is arguably one of the most important notions in distributed computing. Among asynchronous, randomized, and signature-free implementations, the protocols of Most\'efaoui et al. (PODC 2014 and JACM 2015) represent a landmark…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Christian Cachin , Luca Zanolini

Distributed ledgers are common in the industry. Some of them can use blockchains as their underlying infrastructure. A blockchain requires participants to agree on its contents. This can be achieved via a consensus protocol, and several BFT…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-11-13 J. D. Chan , Y. C. Tay , Brian R. Z. Yen

The blockchain has found numerous applications in many areas with the expectation to significantly enhance their security. The Internet of things (IoT) constitutes a prominent application domain of blockchain, with a number of architectures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Sotirios Brotsis , Nicholas Kolokotronis , Konstantinos Limniotis , Stavros Shiaeles

Blockchains are decentralized; are they genuinely? We analyze blockchain decentralization's often-overlooked but quantifiable dimension: geospatial distribution of transaction processing. Blockchains bring with them the potential for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Shashank Motepalli , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Blockchain is an emerging technology that enables new forms of decentralized software architectures, where distributed components can reach agreements on shared system states without trusting a central integration point. Blockchain provides…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xiwei Xu , Cesare Pautasso , Sin Kuang Lo , Liming Zhu , Qinghua Lu , Ingo Weber

We identify a subtle security issue that impacts the design of smart contracts, because agents may themselves deploy smart contracts (side contracts). Typically, equilibria of games are analyzed in vitro, under the assumption that players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Daji Landis , Nikolaj I. Schwartzbach

Blockchain based cryptocurrencies are usually unmanaged, distributed, consensus-based systems in which no single entity has control. Managed cryptocurrencies can be implemented using private blockchains but are fundamentally different as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Peter Mell

Assessing employees' well-being has become central to fostering an environment where employees can thrive and contribute to companies' adaptability and competitiveness in the market. Traditional methods for assessing well-being often face…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Adèle Bréart De Boisanger , Wendy Sims-Schouten , Francois Sicard

Since its inception as a solution for secure cryptocurrencies sharing in 2008, the blockchain technology has now become one of the core technologies for secure data sharing and storage over trustless and decentralised peer-to-peer systems.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Noe Elisa , Longzhi Yang , Honglei Li , Fei Chao , Nitin Naik

Sensor networks and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are key components for the development of the Internet of Things. These networks are subject of two kinds of constraints. Adaptability by the mean of mutability and evolutivity, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Axel Moinet , Benoît Darties , Jean-Luc Baril

Blockchain is a disruptive technology intended at implementing secure decentralized distributed systems, in which transactional data can be shared, stored and verified by participants of a system using cryptographic and consensus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Sabreen Ahmadjee , Rami Bahsoon

In the given technology-driven era, smart cities are the next frontier of technology, aiming at improving the quality of people's lives. Many research works focus on future smart cities with a holistic approach towards smart city…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-22 S. Valli Sanghami , John J. Lee , Qin Hu

Novel blockchain technology provides the infrastructure layer for the creation of decentralized appli-cations. A rapidly growing ecosystem of applications is built around financial services, commonly referred to as decentralized finance.…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-25 Johannes Rude Jensen , Victor von Wachter , Omri Ross