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Software clones have been an active area of research for the past two decades. However, although numerous clone detection tools are now available, only a small fraction of the literature has focused on tool evaluation, and this is in fact…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Rachel Gauci

Due to their pivotal role in software engineering, considerable effort is spent on the quality assurance of software requirements specifications. As they are mainly described in natural language, relatively few means of automated quality…

The application of code clone technology accelerates code search, improves code reuse efficiency, and assists in software quality assessment and code vulnerability detection. However, the application of code clones also introduces software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Xunhui Zhang , Tao Wang , Yue Yu , Yanzhi Zhang , Yan Zhong , Huaimin Wang

Customization is a general trend in software engineering, demanding systems that support variable stakeholder requirements. Two opposing strategies are commonly used to create variants: software clone & own and software configuration with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Wardah Mahmood , Daniel Strüber , Thorsten Berger , Ralf Lämmel , Mukelabai Mukelabai

Code clones are identical or similar code segments. The wide existence of code clones can increase the cost of maintenance and jeopardise the quality of software. The research community has developed many techniques to detect code clones,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Wahidur Rahman , Yisen Xu , Fan Pu , Jifeng Xuan , Xiangyang Jia , Michail Basios , Leslie Kanthan , Lingbo Li , Fan Wu , Baowen Xu

Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) are long-living and mechatronic systems, which include mechanics, electrics/electronics and software. The interdisciplinary nature combined with challenges and trends in the context of Industry 4.0…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Birgit Vogel-Heuser , Juliane Fischer , Dieter Hess , Eva-Maria Neumann , Marcus Wuerr

Code clone detection plays a critical role in software maintenance and vulnerability analysis. Substantial methods have been proposed to detect code clones. However, they struggle to extract high-level program semantics directly from a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Changguo Jia , Yi Zhan , Tianqi Zhao , Hengzhi Ye , Minghui Zhou

Programmers often reuse code from source code repositories to reduce the development effort. Code clones are candidates for reuse in exploratory or rapid development, as they represent often repeated functionality in software systems. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Muhammad Hammad , Önder Babur , Hamid Abdul Basit , Mark van den Brand

Adaptive and flexible production systems require modular and reusable software especially considering their long term life cycle of up to 50 years. SWMAT4aPS, an approach to measure Software Maturity for automated Production Systems is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Birgit Vogel-Heuser , Juliane Fischer , Stefan Feldmann , Sebastian Ulewicz , Susanne Rösch

Detecting code clones is relevant to software maintenance and code refactoring. This challenge still presents unresolved cases, mainly when structural similarity does not reflect functional equivalence, though recent code models show…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) execute critical control software that drives Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). PLCs can become easy targets for cyber-adversaries as they are resource-constrained and are usually built…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Awais Tanveer , Roopak Sinha , Stephen G. MacDonell , Paulo Leitao , Valeriy Vyatkin

The code clone detection method based on semantic similarity has important value in software engineering tasks (e.g., software evolution, software reuse). Traditional code clone detection technologies pay more attention to the similarity of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Cheng Huang , Hui Zhou , Chunyang Ye , Bingzhuo Li

The occurrence of similar code, or `code clones', can make program code difficult to read, modify and maintain. This paper describes industrial case studies of clone detection and elimination using a refactoring and clone detection tool. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Simon Thompson , Huiqing Li , Andreas Schumacher

Code clones are similar code fragments that often arise from copy-and-paste programming. Neural networks can classify pairs of code fragments as clone/not-clone with high accuracy. However, finding clones in industrial-scale code needs a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Gul Aftab Ahmed , Muslim Chochlov , Abdul Razzaq , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , Jim Buckley , David Gregg

Code clones are pairs of code snippets that implement similar functionality. Clone detection is a fundamental branch of automatic source code comprehension, having many applications in refactoring recommendation, plagiarism detection, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Maksim Zubkov , Egor Spirin , Egor Bogomolov , Timofey Bryksin

Static code analysis is a powerful approach to detect quality deficiencies such as performance bottlenecks, safety violations or security vulnerabilities already during a software system's implementation. Yet, as current software systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-10-23 Eric Bodden

System reuse and cost are very important in software product line design area. Developers goal is to increase system reuse and decreasing cost and efforts for building components from scratch for each software configuration. This can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-11-14 Ola Younis , Said Ghoul , Mohammad H. Alomari

This article describes our experience developing and maintaining automated tests for scientific applications. The main idea evolves around building on already existing tests by cloning and grafting. The idea is demonstrated on a minimal…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-08-31 Bruno Turcksin , Timo Heister , Wolfgang Bangerth

Software vulnerabilities remain a significant risk factor in achieving security objectives within software development organizations. This is especially true where either proprietary or open-source software (OSS) is included in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 James J. Cusick

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are widespread in critical domains, and significant damage can be caused if an attacker is able to modify the code of their programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Unfortunately, traditional techniques for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Yuqi Chen , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun