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Text classification is one of the most common goals of machine learning (ML) projects, and also one of the most frequent human intelligence tasks in crowdsourcing platforms. ML has mixed success in such tasks depending on the nature of the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Jorge Ramírez , Marcos Baez , Fabio Casati , Boualem Benatallah

To be informative, an evaluation must measure how well systems generalize to realistic unseen data. We identify limitations of and propose improvements to current evaluations of text-to-SQL systems. First, we compare human-generated and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Catherine Finegan-Dollak , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Li Zhang , Karthik Ramanathan , Sesh Sadasivam , Rui Zhang , Dragomir Radev

In text summarization, evaluating the efficacy of automatic metrics without human judgments has become recently popular. One exemplar work concludes that automatic metrics strongly disagree when ranking high-scoring summaries. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Manik Bhandari , Pranav Gour , Atabak Ashfaq , Pengfei Liu

Summarization systems are ultimately evaluated by human annotators and raters. Usually, annotators and raters do not reflect the demographics of end users, but are recruited through student populations or crowdsourcing platforms with skewed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Anna Jørgensen , Anders Søgaard

As an integral part of source code files, code comments help improve program readability and comprehension. However, developers sometimes do not comment on their program code adequately due to the incurred extra efforts, lack of relevant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Xiaotao Song , Hailong Sun , Xu Wang , Jiafei Yan

Evaluations are critical for understanding the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Fundamentally, evaluations are experiments; but the literature on evaluations has largely ignored the literature from other sciences on experiment…

Applications · Statistics 2024-11-04 Evan Miller

In recent years, large pre-trained Language Models of Code (CodeLMs) have shown promising results on various software engineering tasks. One such task is automatic code update recommendation, which transforms outdated code snippets into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yue Liu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yonghui Liu , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Li Li

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to increase and evolve, including in software engineering (SE). This integration involves processes traditionally entrusted to humans, such as coding. However, the impact on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Adam Alami , Neil A. Ernst

Machine learning (ML) has employed various discretization methods to partition numerical attributes into intervals. However, an effective discretization technique remains elusive in many ML applications, such as association rule mining.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Minakshi Kaushik , Rahul Sharma , Dirk Draheim

Summarizing software artifacts is an important task that has been thoroughly researched. For evaluating software summarization approaches, human judgment is still the most trusted evaluation. However, it is time-consuming and fatiguing for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Abhishek Kumar , Sonia Haiduc , Partha Pratim Das , Partha Pratim Chakrabarti

Code review is one of the key processes in the software development lifecycle and is essential to maintain code quality. However, manual code review is subjective and time consuming. Given its rule-based nature, code review is well suited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Busra Icoz , Goksel Biricik

In recent years, code intelligence has gained increasing importance in the field of automated software engineering. Meanwhile, the widespread adoption of Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhen Yang , Hongyi Lin , Yifan He , Junqi Wang , Zeyu Sun , Shuo Liu , Jie Xu , Pengpeng Wang , Zhongxing Yu , Qingyuan Liang

Code summarization generates brief natural language descriptions of source code pieces, which can assist developers in understanding code and reduce documentation workload. Recent neural models on code summarization are trained and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Rui Xie , Tianxiang Hu , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly integrated into software engineering and maintenance tasks due to their high performance with software engineering tasks and robust understanding of modern programming languages. However,…

Text summarization and sentiment classification both aim to capture the main ideas of the text but at different levels. Text summarization is to describe the text within a few sentences, while sentiment classification can be regarded as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Shuming Ma , Xu Sun , Junyang Lin , Xuancheng Ren

Accurately evaluating machine-translated text remains a long-standing challenge, particularly for long documents. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can serve as reliable and interpretable sentence-level translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tobias Domhan , Dawei Zhu

Relevance judgments are central to the evaluation of Information Retrieval (IR) systems, but obtaining them from human annotators is costly and time-consuming. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been proposed as automated assessors,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Samaneh Mohtadi , Kevin Roitero , Stefano Mizzaro , Gianluca Demartini

Large language models (LLMs) excel in abstractive summarization tasks, delivering fluent and pertinent summaries. Recent advancements have extended their capabilities to handle long-input contexts, exceeding 100k tokens. However, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Mathieu Ravaut , Aixin Sun , Nancy F. Chen , Shafiq Joty

Code summarization, the task of generating useful comments given the code, has long been of interest. Most of the existing code summarization models are trained and validated on widely-used code comment benchmark datasets. However, little…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Lin Shi , Fangwen Mu , Xiao Chen , Song Wang , Junjie Wang , Ye Yang , Ge Li , Xin Xia , Qing Wang

Video summarization is a technique to create a short skim of the original video while preserving the main stories/content. There exists a substantial interest in automatizing this process due to the rapid growth of the available material.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Mayu Otani , Yuta Nakashima , Esa Rahtu , Janne Heikkilä