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Conventional surface-relief gratings are inefficient at deflecting normally-incident light by large angles. This constrains their use in many applications and limits the overall efficiency of any optical instrument integrating gratings.…
Diffraction gratings with high upward diffraction efficiency and large effective length are required for chip-scale light detection and ranging. In this paper, we propose a diffraction grating based on a multilayer silicon nitride…
Future NASA X-ray Observatories will shed light on a variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. Off-plane reflection gratings can be used to provide high throughput and spectral resolution in the 0.3--1.5 keV band, allowing for…
High-resolution spectroscopy (R>50,000) in astronomy typically uses echelle-type spectrographs, which excel for exoplanet detection via radial velocity but compromise throughput for atmospheric characterization. We propose and test a novel…
X-ray diffraction gratings play an essential role in high-resolution spectroscopy of astrophysical phenomena. We present some scientific highlights from the X-ray grating spectrometers (XGS) on board of the Chandra and XMM/Newton missions,…
We introduce a simple and practical method to create ultrashort intense optical vortices for applications involving high-intensity lasers. Our method utilizes femtosecond laser pulses to laser-etch grating lines into laser-quality gold…
Frequency engineering of whispering-gallery resonances is essential in microcavity nonlinear optics. The key is to control the frequencies of the cavity modes involved in the underlying nonlinear optical process to satisfy its energy…
Nonlinear optical generation from a crystalline material can reveal the symmetries of both its lattice structure and underlying ordered electronic phases and can therefore be exploited as a complementary technique to diffraction based…
Usually, off-axis digital holographic microscopy requires a coherent light source in order to record a full-field hologram. Nevertheless, a LASER-based illumination leads to a non-negligible coherent noise, decreasing then the imaging…
Future soft X-ray (10 - 50 Angstrom) spectroscopy missions require higher effective areas and resolutions to perform critical science that cannot be done by instruments on current missions. An X-ray grating spectrometer employing off-plane…
Holographic gratings with topological defects (branching of one or more fringes) are widely used for generating light beams with optical vortices (OV). This work presents an analysis of OV beams produced by binary computer-generated…
Two-dimensional (2D) diffraction gratings offer a polarization-independent coupling solution between the planar photonic chips and optical fibers, with advantages including placement flexibility, ease of fabrication, and tolerance to…
Despite the fact that the resolution of conventional contact/proximity lithography can reach feature sizes down to ~0.5-0.6 micrometers, the accurate control of the linewidth and uniformity becomes already very challenging for gratings with…
We describe a dispersive unit consisting of cascaded volume-phase holographic gratings for spectroscopic applications. Each of the gratings provides high diffractive efficiency in a relatively narrow wavelength range and transmits the rest…
Developing a suitable production method for three-dimensional periodic nanostructures with high aspect ratios is a subject of growing interest. For mass production, Talbot lithography offers many advantages. However, one disadvantage is…
Under white light illumination, gratings produce an angular distribution of wavelengths dependent on the diffraction order and geometric parameters. However, previous studies of gratings are limited to at least one geometric parameter…
We introduce a versatile numerical method for modeling light diffraction in periodically patterned photonic structures containing quadratically nonlinear non-centrosymmetric optical materials. Our approach extends the generalized source…
A novel approach for measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional imaging optics and cameras is described. A new type of high efficiency grating, called the critical angle transmission grating is used to disperse…
Spectral measurements play a vital role in understanding laser-plasma interactions. The ability to accurately measure the spectrum of radiation sources is crucial for unraveling the underlying physics. In this article, we introduce a novel…
High refractive index (4.4 at 1100 nm), negligibly small absorption in near-infrared spectral range, and ease of processing make MoSe$_2$ a perfect material for applications in near-infrared photonics. So far, implementation of…