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Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance but face substantial computational and memory challenges that limit their practical deployment. Quantization has emerged as a promising solution; however, its effectiveness is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zijian Ye , Wei Huang , Yifei Yu , Tianhe Ren , Zhongrui Wang , Xiaojuan Qi

In this paper, we investigate how to deploy computational intelligence and deep learning (DL) in edge-enabled industrial IoT networks. In this system, the IoT devices can collaboratively train a shared model without compromising data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Shunpu Tang , Lunyuan Chen , Ke HeJunjuan Xia , Lisheng Fan , Arumugam Nallanathan

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) have emerged as a promising solution for reducing model size and computational costs, making them well-suited for deployment in edge and resource-constrained environments. While quantization is known to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Amira Guesmi , Bassem Ouni , Muhammad Shafique

This research aims to optimize intricate learning models by implementing quantization and bit-depth optimization techniques. The objective is to significantly cut time complexity while preserving model efficiency, thus addressing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mitul Goswami , Romit Chatterjee

As wireless communication systems advance toward Sixth Generation (6G) Radio Access Networks (RAN), Deep Learning (DL)-based neural receivers are emerging as transformative solutions for Physical Layer (PHY) processing, delivering superior…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 SaiKrishna Saketh Yellapragada , Esa Ollila , Mario Costa

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and their quantized counterparts are vulnerable to extraction attacks, posing a significant threat of IP theft. Yet, the robustness of quantized models against these attacks is little studied compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Kacem Khaled , Felipe Gohring de Magalhães , Gabriela Nicolescu

The advances in deep learning (DL) techniques have the potential to deliver transformative technological breakthroughs to numerous complex tasks in modern power systems that suffer from increasing uncertainty and nonlinearity. However, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Jianing Bai , Ren Wang , Zuyi Li

Recent studies show that deployed deep learning (DL) models such as those of Tensor Flow Lite (TFLite) can be easily extracted from real-world applications and devices by attackers to generate many kinds of attacks like adversarial attacks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Mingyi Zhou , Xiang Gao , Pei Liu , John Grundy , Chunyang Chen , Xiao Chen , Li Li

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a widely used method to compress large language models (LLMs) without fine-tuning. It typically sets quantization hyperparameters (e.g., scaling factors) based on current-layer activations. Although this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zheqi Lv , Zhenxuan Fan , Qi Tian , Wenqiao Zhang , Yueting Zhuang

Large language models (LLMs) have wide applications in the field of natural language processing(NLP), such as GPT-4 and Llama. However, with the exponential growth of model parameter sizes, LLMs bring significant resource overheads. Low-bit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Liangdong Liu , Zhitong Zheng , Cong Wang , Tianhuang Su , Zhenyu Yang

This work provides a comparative analysis illustrating how Deep Learning (DL) surpasses Machine Learning (ML) in addressing tasks within Internet of Things (IoT), such as attack classification and device-type identification. Our approach…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Mounia Hamidouche , Eugeny Popko , Bassem Ouni

The recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) are giving rise to the proliferation of interconnected devices, enabling various smart applications. These enormous number of IoT devices generates a large capacity of data that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Ruhul Amin Khalil , Nasir Saeed , Yasaman Moradi Fard , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yinggan Xu , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu

To improve privacy and ensure quality-of-service (QoS), deep learning (DL) models are increasingly deployed on Internet of Things (IoT) devices for data processing, significantly increasing the carbon footprint associated with DL on IoT,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Fan Chen , Shahzeen Attari , Gayle Buck , Lei Jiang

Model quantization is a promising approach to compress deep neural networks and accelerate inference, making it possible to be deployed on mobile and edge devices. To retain the high performance of full-precision models, most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Yuang Liu , Wei Zhang , Jun Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of computer vision tasks, with the state-of-the-art results obtained through complex and deep structures that require intensive computation and memory.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Ahmad Shawahna , Sadiq M. Sait , Aiman El-Maleh , Irfan Ahmad

Quantization techniques can reduce the size of Deep Neural Networks and improve inference latency and throughput by taking advantage of high throughput integer instructions. In this paper we review the mathematical aspects of quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Hao Wu , Patrick Judd , Xiaojie Zhang , Mikhail Isaev , Paulius Micikevicius

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices like the Raspberry Pi presents challenges in computational efficiency, power consumption, and response latency. This paper explores quantization-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mahsa Ardakani , Jinendra Malekar , Ramtin Zand

Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

This study examines 4-bit quantization methods like GPTQ in large language models (LLMs), highlighting GPTQ's overfitting and limited enhancement in Zero-Shot tasks. While prior works merely focusing on zero-shot measurement, we extend task…