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We examine whether nonthermal protons energized during a cluster merger are simultaneously responsible for the Coma cluster's diffuse radio flux (via secondary decay) and the departure of its intra-cluster medium (ICM) from a thermal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-26 Brandon Wolfe , Fulvio Melia

The KAPPA package is designed for calculations of optically thin spectra for the non-Maxwellian \k{appa}-distributions. This paper presents extension of the database to allow calculations of the spectra for extreme values of \k{appa} < 2,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-10 Elena Dzifcakova , Jaroslav Dudik , Martina Pavelkova , Bozena Solarova , Alena Zemanova

In magnetized plasma physics, almost all developed analytic theories assume a Maxwellian distribution function (MDF) and in some cases small deviations are described using the perturbation theory. The deviations with respect to the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-10-27 Olivier Izacard

The Earth's magnetosphere represents a natural plasma laboratory that allows us to study the behavior of particle distribution functions in the absence of Coulomb collisions, typically described by the Kappa distributions. We have…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Adetayo V. Eyelade , Marina Stepanova , Cristobal M. Espinoza , Pablo S. Moya

Modeling fast solar wind based on the kinetic theory is an important task for scientists. In this paper, we present a two-fluid model for fast solar wind with anisotropic Kappa-Maxwellian electrons and Bi-Maxwellian protons. In the…

Space Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Somayeh Taran , Hossein Safari , Farhad Daei

We study the effect of the velocity distributions of the plasma particles on the equilibrium charge of dust particles which suffer collisional charging, considering different forms of both isotropic and anisotropic Kappa distributions for…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Luiz Fernando Ziebell , Rudi Gaelzer

To rigorously model fast ions in fusion plasmas, a non-Maxwellian equilibrium distribution must be used. In the work, the response of high-energy alpha particles to electrostatic turbulence has been analyzed for several different tokamak…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 George Wilkie , Ian Abel , Edmund Highcock , William Dorland

By using the generalized Boltzmann equation of transport and the first-order approximation of Chapman-Enskog expansion on the kappa-distribution function, we study the thermal conductivity and Dufour effects in the weakly ionized and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-03-06 Haijuan Xia , Jiulin Du

A nonlinear dispersion of a general stationary wave in collisionless plasma is obtained in a non-differential form from a single-particle oscillation-center Hamiltonian. For electrostatic oscillations in nonmagnetized plasma, considered as…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 I. Y. Dodin , N. J. Fisch

The slowing down of a charged particle beam passing through the dusty plasma with a non-thermal velocity alpha-distribution is studied. By using the Fokker-Planck collision theory, we derive the deceleration factor and slowing down time and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-09-29 Yu Wang , Jiulin Du

Nonthermal features are ubiquitously observed in electron velocity distribution functions in the solar wind, yet their origin in the collisionless, turbulent, expanding solar-wind plasma remains unclear. We investigate how solar-wind…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Maximilien Péters de Bonhome , Fabio Bacchini , Luca Pezzini , Viviane Pierrard

We review the presence and signatures of the non-equilibrium processes, both non-Maxwellian distributions and non-equilibrium ionization, in the solar transition region, corona, solar wind, and flares. Basic properties of the non-Maxwellian…

Adopting a bottom-up perspective, we propose a novel two-parametric nonadditive entropy, $S_{\kappa\ell}$, associated with a Kappa-type power-law velocity distribution, $F_{\kappa\ell}(v)$, recently derived in the literature. By formulating…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-04 J. A. S. Lima , M. H. Benetti

Collisionless plasmas exhibit nonthermal particle distributions after being energized; as a consequence, they enter a state of low Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) entropy relative to the thermal state. The Vlasov equations predict that in a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-21 Vladimir Zhdankin

We study diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of protons and electrons at nonrelativistic, high Mach number, quasiparallel, collisionless shocks by means of self-consistent 1D particle-in-cell simulations. For the first time, both species are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-02 Jaehong Park , Damiano Caprioli , Anatoly Spitkovsky

We develop a self-consistent quasilinear theory for the relaxation of electromagnetic kinetic plasmas, and demonstrate that the mean distribution functions of both electrons and ions tend to relax to a universal $v^{-5}$ tail. Large-scale…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-13 Uddipan Banik , Amitava Bhattacharjee

We showed that if the non-thermal emission from the Galactic center in the range 14-40 keV is due to inverse bremsstrahlung emission of subrelativistic protons, their interactions with hot and cold fractions of the interstellar medium are…

The stationary thermionic electron emission currents from heated metals are compared against an analytical expression derived using a non equilibrium quantum Kappa energy distribution for the electrons. This later depends on the temperature…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 Juan-Luis Domenech-Garret , Sandra-P. Tierno , Luis Conde

Energetic positrons have been observed in the interstellar medium, and high-energy positrons with relativistic energies up to approximately 1 TeV have been detected in Galactic cosmic rays. We conducted a study on the acceleration of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-31 Huan Yu , Qi Xia , Jun Fang

We investigate how the proton distribution function evolves when the protons undergo stochastic heating by strong, low-frequency, Alfv\'en-wave turbulence under the assumption that $\beta$ is small. We apply our analysis to protons…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Kristopher G. Klein , Benjamin D. G. Chandran