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This article consists of a short introduction to the quantum approximation optimisation algorithm (QAOA). The mathematical structure of the QAOA, as well as its basic properties, are described. The implementation of the QAOA on MaxCut…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Behzad Mansouri

This paper proposes a quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) method for wireless scheduling problems. The QAOA is one of the promising hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for many applications and it provides highly accurate…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Jaeho Choi , Seunghyeok Oh , Joongheon Kim

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm, where a quantum computer implements a variational ansatz consisting of $p$ layers of alternating unitary operators and a classical computer is used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Stefan H. Sack , Raimel A. Medina , Richard Kueng , Maksym Serbyn

Present-day, noisy, small or intermediate-scale quantum processors---although far from fault-tolerant---support the execution of heuristic quantum algorithms, which might enable a quantum advantage, for example, when applied to…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is designed to determine optimum and near optimum solutions of quadratic (and higher order) unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO or HUBO) problems, which in turn accurately model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Prashanti Priya Angara , Danylo Lykov , Ulrike Stege , Yuri Alexeev , Hausi Müller

Quantum algorithms have been widely studied in the context of combinatorial optimization problems. While this endeavor can often analytically and practically achieve quadratic speedups, theoretical and numeric studies remain limited,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Lucas T. Brady , Stuart Hadfield

Considerable effort has been made recently in the development of heuristic quantum algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Meanwhile, these problems have been studied extensively in classical computing for decades. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-29 Guoming Wang

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum algorithm that can be used to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. The usual QAOA ansatz consists of an alternating application of the cost and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Anthony Wilkie , Igor Gaidai , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

We present a detailed study of portfolio optimization using different versions of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). For a given list of assets, the portfolio optimization problem is formulated as quadratic binary…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is designed to run on a gate model quantum computer and has shallow depth. It takes as input a combinatorial optimization problem and outputs a string that satisfies a high fraction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Edward Farhi , Aram W Harrow

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising candidate for solving combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than classical computers. Recent studies have shown that warm-starting the standard algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Vanessa Dehn , Thomas Wellens

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), which is a variational quantum algorithm, aims to give sub-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. It is widely believed that QAOA has the potential to demonstrate…

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) tasks are very important in chemistry, finance, job scheduling, and so on, which can be represented using graph structures, with the variables as nodes and the interaction between them as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Yuhan Huang , Ferris Prima Nugraha , Siyuan Jin , Yichi Zhang , Bei Zeng , Qiming Shao

One of the major application areas of interest for both near-term and fault-tolerant quantum computers is the optimization of classical objective functions. In this work, we develop intuitive constructions for a large class of these…

Combinatorial optimization problems on graphs have broad applications in science and engineering. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a method to solve these problems on a quantum computer by applying multiple rounds of…

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers (NISQ computers) are now readily available, motivating many researchers to experiment with Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs). Among them, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Camille Grange , Michael Poss , Eric Bourreau

Combinatorial optimization is among the main applications envisioned for near-term and fault-tolerant quantum computers. In this work, we consider a well-studied quantum algorithm for combinatorial optimization: the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-12 Sami Boulebnane

Current state-of-the-art quantum optimization algorithms require representing the original problem as a binary optimization problem, which is then converted into an equivalent cost Hamiltonian suitable for the quantum device. Implementing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Bence Bakó , Adam Glos , Özlem Salehi , Zoltán Zimborás

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has been introduced as a heuristic digital quantum computing scheme to find approximate solutions of combinatorial problems with shallow circuits. We present a scheme to parallelize this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-02 Wolfgang Lechner

The ability of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Thorge Müller , Ajainderpal Singh , Frank K. Wilhelm , Tim Bode