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Perturbation theory of vacuum spherically-symmetric spacetimes (including the cosmological constant) has greatly contributed to the understanding of black holes, relativistic compact stars and even inhomogeneous cosmological models. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-16 Michele Lenzi , Carlos F. Sopuerta

Lenzi and Sopuerta developed a new method to construct master functions for the perturbation of vacuum black holes. We extend this method to black holes coupled with electromagnetic field and cosmological constant by allowing the master…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-21 Hui-Fa Liu , Ding-fang Zeng

We show that in four or more spacetime dimensions, the Einstein equations for gravitational perturbations of maximally symmetric vacuum black holes can be reduced to a single 2nd-order wave equation in a two-dimensional static spacetime for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Hideo Kodama , Akihiro Ishibashi

Mukkamala and Pere\~niguez recently discovered a new master function for even-parity metric perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime. Remarkably, this function satisfies the Regge-Wheeler equation (instead of the Zerilli equation),…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-22 Eric Poisson

Master functions of black holes are fundamental tools in gravitational-wave physics and are typically derived within a Lagrangian framework. Starting from the Kantowski-Sachs geometry, one can instead construct a perturbative Hamiltonian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-17 Michele Lenzi , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán , Andrés Mínguez-Sánchez

Gravitational perturbations due to a point particle moving on a static black hole background are naturally described in Regge-Wheeler gauge. The first-order field equations reduce to a single master wave equation for each radiative mode.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-21 Seth Hopper

We derive master equations for linear perturbations in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory, for any spacetime dimension D and any background with a maximally symmetric n = (D - 2)-dimensional spatial component. This is done by expressing all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-23 Aron Jansen , Andrzej Rostworowski , Mieszko Rutkowski

We perform a fully relativistic analysis of odd-type linear perturbations around a static and spherically symmetric solution in the most general scalar-tensor theory with second-order field equations in four-dimensional spacetime. It is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-15 Tsutomu Kobayashi , Hayato Motohashi , Teruaki Suyama

Recently, there has been quite a lot of interest in static, spherical wormhole spacetimes and the question of their stability with respect to time-dependent perturbations. The consideration of linearized perturbations usually leads to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-10 Francesco Cremona , Livio Pizzocchero , Olivier Sarbach

We study odd parity perturbations of spherically symmetric black holes with time-dependent scalar hair in shift-symmetric higher-order scalar-tensor theories. The analysis is performed in a general way without assuming the degeneracy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-28 Keitaro Tomikawa , Tsutomu Kobayashi

We present a new covariant, gauge-invariant formalism describing linear metric perturbation fields on any spherically symmetric background in general relativity. The advantage of this formalism relies in the fact that it does not require a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-15 Eliana Chaverra , Néstor Ortiz , Olivier Sarbach

We reformulate the theory of Schwarzschild black hole perturbations in terms of the metric perturbation in the Lorenz gauge. In this formulation, each tensor-harmonic mode of the perturbation is constructed algebraically from 10 scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Leor Barack , Carlos O. Lousto

The aim of this paper is to present a governing equation for first order axial metric perturbations of general, not necessarily static, spherically symmetric spacetimes. Under the non-restrictive assumption of axisymmetric perturbations,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Max Karlovini

We study linear perturbations around a static and spherically symmetric black hole solution in spatially covariant gravity with just two tensorial degrees of freedom. In this theory, gravity modification is characterized by a single…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-20 Jin Saito , Tsutomu Kobayashi

We develop a perturbation theory for surfaces confining photons and massive particles in static spherically symmetric spacetimes in terms of two parameters: the mass-to-energy ratio and the deviation of metric functions from a given form,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-22 Kirill Kobialko , Dmitri Gal'tsov

The theory of gauge-invariant non-spherical metric perturbations of Schwarzschild black hole spacetimes is now well established. Yet, as different notations and conventions have been used throughout the years, the literature on the subject…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-08 Alessandro Nagar , Luciano Rezzolla

Linear perturbations of spherically symmetric spacetimes in general relativity are described by radial wave equations, with potentials that depend on the spin of the perturbing field. In previous work we studied the quasinormal mode…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-04 Ryan McManus , Emanuele Berti , Caio F. B. Macedo , Masashi Kimura , Andrea Maselli , Vitor Cardoso

Recent efforts have shown that Kantowski-Sachs spacetime provides a useful framework for analyzing perturbations inside a Schwarzschild black hole (BH). In these studies, the adoption of a Hamiltonian formulation offers an insightful…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-24 Michele Lenzi , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán , Andrés Mínguez-Sánchez , Carlos F. Sopuerta

Recently it was demonstrated that by adding to the Einstein-Hilbert action a series in powers of the curvature invariants with specially chosen coefficients one can obtain a theory of gravity which has spherically symmetric solutions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-27 Valeri P. Frolov , Alex Koek , Jose Pinedo Soto , Andrei Zelnikov

In the context of the most general scalar-vector-tensor theory, we study the stability of static spherically symmetric black holes under linear odd-parity perturbations. We calculate the action to second order in the linear perturbations to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-06 Yolbeiker Rodríguez Baez , Manuel Gonzalez-Espinoza
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