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Calibrating machine learning models so that predicted probabilities better reflect the true outcome frequencies is crucial for reliable decision-making across many applications. In Federated Learning (FL), the goal is to train a global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Samuel Maddock , Graham Cormode , Carsten Maple

Federated learning (FL) aims to collaboratively train a shared model across multiple clients without transmitting their local data. Data heterogeneity is a critical challenge in realistic FL settings, as it causes significant performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yuwei Wang , Runhan Li , Hao Tan , Xuefeng Jiang , Sheng Sun , Min Liu , Bo Gao , Zhiyuan Wu

Federated Learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving approach to train models on decentralized data. Its potential in healthcare is significant, but challenges arise due to cross-client variations in medical image data, exacerbated by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sunny Gupta , Amit Sethi

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized devices while preserving data privacy. However, real-world FL deployments face critical challenges such as data imbalances, including label noise and non-IID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Siqi Zhu , Joshua D. Kaggie

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach where multiple clients work together to solve a machine learning task. One of the key challenges in FL is the issue of partial participation, which occurs when a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Grigory Malinovsky , Samuel Horváth , Konstantin Burlachenko , Peter Richtárik

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) aims to acquire customized models for each client without disclosing raw data by leveraging the collective knowledge of distributed clients. However, the data collected in real-world scenarios is likely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Fengling Lv , Xinyi Shang , Yang Zhou , Yiqun Zhang , Mengke Li , Yang Lu

Federated learning and its application to medical image segmentation have recently become a popular research topic. This training paradigm suffers from statistical heterogeneity between participating institutions' local datasets, incurring…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-19 Matthis Manthe , Stefan Duffner , Carole Lartizien

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm that enables multiple parties to collaboratively train models on privately owned data without sharing raw information. While standard FL typically addresses either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Afsana Khan , Marijn ten Thij , Guangzhi Tang , Anna Wilbik

Split Federated Learning (SplitFed) combines federated and split learning to preserve privacy while reducing client-side computation. However, in medical image segmentation, heterogeneous label quality across clients can significantly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Zahra Hafezi Kafshgari , Hadi Hadizadeh , Parvaneh Saeedi

Deep learning models for semantic segmentation of images require large amounts of data. In the medical imaging domain, acquiring sufficient data is a significant challenge. Labeling medical image data requires expert knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Micah J Sheller , G Anthony Reina , Brandon Edwards , Jason Martin , Spyridon Bakas

The future of machine learning lies in moving data collection along with training to the edge. Federated Learning, for short FL, has been recently proposed to achieve this goal. The principle of this approach is to aggregate models learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Adnan Ben Mansour , Gaia Carenini , Alexandre Duplessis

Personalized medication aims to tailor healthcare to individual patient characteristics. However, the heterogeneity of patient data across healthcare systems presents significant challenges to achieving accurate and effective personalized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jiechao Gao , Yuangang Li

Federated learning (FL) is a system in which a central aggregator coordinates the efforts of multiple clients to solve machine learning problems. This setting allows training data to be dispersed in order to protect privacy. The purpose of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Subrato Bharati , M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal , Prajoy Podder , V. B. Surya Prasath

Federated learning (FL) addresses data privacy concerns by enabling collaborative training of AI models across distributed data owners. Wide adoption of FL faces the fundamental challenges of data heterogeneity and the large scale of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Yulan Gao , Zhaoxiang Hou , Chengyi Yang , Zengxiang Li , Han Yu

Federated Learning (FL) enables local devices to collaboratively learn a shared predictive model by only periodically sharing model parameters with a central aggregator. However, FL can be disadvantaged by statistical heterogeneity produced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Basem Suleiman , Muhammad Johan Alibasa , Rizka Widyarini Purwanto , Lewis Jeffries , Ali Anaissi , Jacky Song

Medical image segmentation is crucial for computer-aided diagnosis, yet privacy constraints hinder data sharing across institutions. Federated learning addresses this limitation, but existing approaches often rely on lightweight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tong Wang , Xingyue Zhao , Linghao Zhuang , Haoyu Zhao , Jiayi Yin , Yuyang He , Gang Yu , Bo Lin

Federated Learning enables decentralized training by aggregating model updates across clients without sharing raw data, while Split Federated Learning further partitions the model between clients and a server to reduce computation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chamani Shiranthika , Hadi Hadizadeh , Parvaneh Saeedi

Federated Learning (FL) provides a decentralized machine learning approach, where multiple devices or servers collaboratively train a model without sharing their raw data, thus enabling data privacy. This approach has gained significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Mahad Ali , Curtis Lisle , Patrick W. Moore , Tammer Barkouki , Brian J. Kirkwood , Laura J. Brattain

Federated learning is a promising machine learning technique that enables multiple clients to collaboratively build a model without revealing the raw data to each other. Among various types of federated learning methods, horizontal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Junki Mori , Isamu Teranishi , Ryo Furukawa

Federated Learning (FL) aims to train a machine learning (ML) model in a distributed fashion to strengthen data privacy with limited data migration costs. It is a distributed learning framework naturally suitable for privacy-sensitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Erum Mushtaq , Yavuz Faruk Bakman , Jie Ding , Salman Avestimehr