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Facial expression recognition (FER) is an essential task for understanding human behaviors. As one of the most informative behaviors of humans, facial expressions are often compound and variable, which is manifested by the fact that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Hanting Li , Hongjing Niu , Zhaoqing Zhu , Feng Zhao

Manual medical image segmentation is subjective and suffers from annotator-related bias, which can be mimicked or amplified by deep learning methods. Recently, researchers have suggested that such bias is the combination of the annotator…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Zehui Liao , Yutong Xie , Shishuai Hu , Yong Xia

As Facial Expression Recognition (FER) systems become integrated into our daily lives, these systems need to prioritise making fair decisions instead of aiming at higher individual accuracy scores. Ranging from surveillance systems to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Nikhil Churamani , Ozgur Kara , Hatice Gunes

Automatic Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has attracted increasing attention in the last 20 years since facial expressions play a central role in human communication. Most FER methodologies utilize Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Andreas Psaroudakis , Dimitrios Kollias

Majority voting and averaging are common approaches employed to resolve annotator disagreements and derive single ground truth labels from multiple annotations. However, annotators may systematically disagree with one another, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Mark Díaz , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

Recognition of facial expression is a challenge when it comes to computer vision. The primary reasons are class imbalance due to data collection and uncertainty due to inherent noise such as fuzzy facial expressions and inconsistent labels.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Jiaxiang Fan , Jian Zhou , Xiaoyu Deng , Huabin Wang , Liang Tao , Hon Keung Kwan

Expressions and facial action units (AUs) are two levels of facial behavior descriptors. Expression auxiliary information has been widely used to improve the AU detection performance. However, most existing expression representations can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Rudong An , Wei Zhang , Hao Zeng , Wei Chen , Zhigang Deng , Yu Ding

The automatic intensity estimation of facial action units (AUs) from a single image plays a vital role in facial analysis systems. One big challenge for data-driven AU intensity estimation is the lack of sufficient AU label data. Due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Xinhui Song , Tianyang Shi , Tianjia Shao , Yi Yuan , Zunlei Feng , Changjie Fan

In this paper, we present SAFER, a novel system for emotion recognition from facial expressions. It employs state-of-the-art deep learning techniques to extract various features from facial images and incorporates contextual information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Mijanur Palash , Bharat Bhargava

Annotator disagreement is ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. There are multiple reasons for such disagreements, including the subjectivity of the task, difficult cases, unclear guidelines, and so on. Rather than simply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Naihao Deng , Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Siyang Liu , Winston Wu , Lu Wang , Rada Mihalcea

Emotion is a crucial phenomenon in the functioning of human beings in society. However, it remains a widely open subject, particularly in its textual manifestations. This paper examines an industrial corpus manually annotated following an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jonas Noblet

Over the past two decades, speech emotion recognition (SER) has received growing attention. To train SER systems, researchers collect emotional speech databases annotated by crowdsourced or in-house raters who select emotions from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-08 Huang-Cheng Chou , Chi-Chun Lee

Facial attribute classification relies on large-scale annotated datasets in which many traits, such as age and expression, are inherently ambiguous and continuous but are discretized into categorical labels. Annotation inconsistencies arise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Basudha Pal , Rama Chellappa

The fifth Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW) competition has multiple challenges such as Valence-Arousal Estimation Challenge, Expression Classification Challenge, Action Unit Detection Challenge, Emotional Reaction Intensity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Darshan Gera , Badveeti Naveen Siva Kumar , Bobbili Veerendra Raj Kumar , S Balasubramanian

We propose two face representations that are blind to facial expressions associated to emotional responses. This work is in part motivated by new international regulations for personal data protection, which enforce data controllers to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Alejandro Peña , Julian Fierrez , Agata Lapedriza , Aythami Morales

The analysis of expression and facial Action Units (AUs) detection are very important tasks in fields of computer vision and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) due to the wide range of applications in human life. Many works has been done…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-09 Mohammadamin Abbasnejad , Mohammad Ali Masnadi-Shirazi

Facial action unit detection has emerged as an important task within facial expression analysis, aimed at detecting specific pre-defined, objective facial expressions, such as lip tightening and cheek raising. This paper presents our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Yufeng Yin , Minh Tran , Di Chang , Xinrui Wang , Mohammad Soleymani

Compared with the image-based static facial expression recognition (SFER) task, the dynamic facial expression recognition (DFER) task based on video sequences is closer to the natural expression recognition scene. However, DFER is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Hanting Li , Hongjing Niu , Zhaoqing Zhu , Feng Zhao

Automatic affect recognition has applications in many areas such as education, gaming, software development, automotives, medical care, etc. but it is non trivial task to achieve appreciable performance on in-the-wild data sets. In-the-wild…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Darshan Gera , Badveeti Naveen Siva Kumar , Bobbili Veerendra Raj Kumar , S Balasubramanian

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have created new opportunities for facial expression recognition (FER), moving it beyond pure label prediction toward reasoning-based affect understanding. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Shifeng Liu , Zhengye Zhang , Sirui Zhao , Xinglong Mao , Zhehan Kan , Zhixiang Wei , Shiwei Wu , Chaoyou Fu , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen