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Traditionally, interaction systems have been described as networks, where links encode information on the pairwise influences among the nodes. Yet, in many systems, interactions take place in larger groups. Recent work has shown that…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-09-30 Maxime Lucas , Giulia Cencetti , Federico Battiston

The interactions between individuals play a pivotal role in shaping the structure and dynamics of social systems. Complex network models have proven invaluable in uncovering the underlying mechanisms that govern the formation and evolution…

Higher-order networks have emerged as a powerful framework to model complex systems and their collective behavior. Going beyond pairwise interactions, they encode structured relations among arbitrary numbers of units through representations…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-03-24 Yuanzhao Zhang , Maxime Lucas , Federico Battiston

Considering higher-order interactions allows for a more comprehensive understanding of network structures beyond simple pairwise connections. While leveraging all cliques in a network to handle higher-order interactions is intuitive, it…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Eunho Koo , Tongseok Lim

Complex networks have become the main paradigm for modelling the dynamics of interacting systems. However, networks are intrinsically limited to describing pairwise interactions, whereas real-world systems are often characterized by…

Despite the vast literature on network dynamics, we still lack basic insights into dynamics on higher-order structures (e.g., edges, triangles, and more generally, $k$-dimensional "simplices") and how they are influenced through…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-03-14 Cameron Ziegler , Per Sebastian Skardal , Haimonti Dutta , Dane Taylor

Cooperative behaviors are deeply embedded in structured biological and social systems. Networks are often employed to portray pairwise interactions among individuals, where network nodes represent individuals and links indicate who…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-14 Jiachao Guo , Yao Meng , Aming Li

Synchronization processes play critical roles in the functionality of a wide range of both natural and man-made systems. Recent work in physics and neuroscience highlights the importance of higher-order interactions between dynamical units,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-08-03 Per Sebastian Skardal , Alex Arenas

Recent studies have shown that novel collective behaviors emerge in complex systems due to the presence of higher-order interactions. However, how the collective behavior of a system is influenced by the microscopic organization of its…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-01 Federico Malizia , Santiago Lamata-Otín , Mattia Frasca , Vito Latora , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes

Higher-order networks encode the many-body interactions existing in complex systems, such as the brain, protein complexes, and social interactions. Simplicial complexes are higher-order networks that allow a comprehensive investigation of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Xue Gong , Desmond J. Higham , Konstantinos Zygalakis , Ginestra Bianconi

Understanding cooperation in social dilemmas requires models that capture the complexity of real-world interactions. While network frameworks have provided valuable insights to model the evolution of cooperation, they are unable to encode…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-15 Onkar Sadekar , Andrea Civilini , Vito Latora , Federico Battiston

Cooperation is fundamental to human societies, and the interaction structure among individuals profoundly shapes its emergence and evolution. In real-world scenarios, cooperation prevails in multi-group (higher-order) populations, beyond…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-28 Dini Wang , Peng Yi , Yiguang Hong , Jie Chen , Gang Yan

Higher-order interactions that nonlinearly couple more than two nodes are important in many networked systems, and their effects on collective dynamics are increasingly being studied. Here we provide an overview of this rapidly growing…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-03-23 Federico Battiston , Christian Bick , Maxime Lucas , Ana P. Millán , Per Sebastian Skardal , Yuanzhao Zhang

Networks provide a powerful formalism for modeling complex systems by using a model of pairwise interactions. But much of the structure within these systems involves interactions that take place among more than two nodes at once; for…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Austin R. Benson , Rediet Abebe , Michael T. Schaub , Ali Jadbabaie , Jon Kleinberg

Networks are often interconnected, with one system wielding greater influence over another. However, the effects of such asymmetry on self-organized phenomena (e.g., consensus and synchronization) are not well understood. Here, we study…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-17 Zhao Song , Dane Taylor

The interplay between causal mechanisms and emerging collective behaviors is a central aspect of understanding, controlling, and predicting complex networked systems. In our work, we investigate the relationship between higher-order…

Network science has evolved into an indispensable platform for studying complex systems. But recent research has identified limits of classical networks, where links connect pairs of nodes, to comprehensively describe group interactions.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-03-24 Soumen Majhi , Matjaz Perc , Dibakar Ghosh

Human social interactions in local settings can be experimentally detected by recording the physical proximity and orientation of people. Such interactions, approximating face-to-face communications, can be effectively represented as time…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-10-08 Giulia Cencetti , Federico Battiston , Bruno Lepri , Márton Karsai

Laplacian dynamics on a signless graph characterize a class of linear interactions, where pairwise cooperative interactions between all agents lead to the convergence to a common state. On a structurally balanced signed graph, the agents…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-13 Shaoxuan Cui , Chencheng Zhang , Bin Jiang , Hildeberto Jardón Kojakhmetov , Ming Cao

Cooperation enables teams to solve complex problems that one individual alone cannot address. In science, collaborative teams have become the predominant way through which progress is achieved. These scientific collaborations arise though…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-04 Emma Zajdela , Nicholas W. Landry
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