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Open source software development has become more social and collaborative, evident GitHub. Since 2016, GitHub started to support more informal methods such as emoji reactions, with the goal to reduce commenting noise when reviewing any code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Dong Wang , Tao Xiao , Teyon Son , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio , Yasutaka Kamei , Kenichi Matsumoto

Although remote working is increasingly adopted during the pandemic, many are concerned by the low-efficiency in the remote working. Missing in text-based communication are non-verbal cues such as facial expressions and body language, which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Yuhang Zhou , Xuan Lu , Ge Gao , Qiaozhu Mei , Wei Ai

Recently, GitHub introduced a new social feature, named reactions, which are "pictorial characters" similar to emoji symbols widely used nowadays in text-based communications. Particularly, GitHub users can use a pre-defined set of such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Hudson Borges , Rodrigo Brito , Marco Tulio Valente

Emoji is becoming a ubiquitous language and gaining worldwide popularity in recent years including the field of software engineering (SE). As nonverbal cues, emojis are widely used in user understanding tasks such as sentiment analysis, but…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Xuan Lu , Yanbin Cao , Zhenpeng Chen , Xuanzhe Liu

Emojis and emoticons serve as non-verbal cues and are increasingly prevalent across various platforms, including Modern Code Review. These cues often carry emotive or instructive weight for developers. Our study dives into the utility of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Sharif Ahmed , Nasir U. Eisty

Developer communities increasingly rely on emoji reactions to communicate, but we know little about how these emotional signals spread and influence technical discussions. We analyzed 2,098 GitHub issues and pull requests across 50 popular…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Obada Kraishan

Emotions at work have long been identified as critical signals of work motivations, status, and attitudes, and as predictors of various work-related outcomes. When more and more employees work remotely, these emotional signals of workers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Xuan Lu , Wei Ai , Zhenpeng Chen , Yanbin Cao , Qiaozhu Mei

Software projects frequently use automation tools to perform repetitive activities in the distributed software development process. Recently, GitHub introduced GitHub Actions, a feature providing automated workflows for software projects.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Mairieli Wessel , Joseph Vargovich , Marco A. Gerosa , Christoph Treude

Autonomous coding agents are reshaping software development by creating pull requests (PRs) on GitHub, referred to as agentic PRs. In parallel, the review process is also becoming autonomous, thereby making reviewer bots key actors in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Syeda Kaneez Fatima , Yousuf Abrar , Abdul Rehman Tahir , Amelia Nawaz , Shamsa Abid , Abdul Ali Bangash

GitHub introduced the suggestion feature to enable reviewers to explicitly suggest code modifications in pull requests. These suggestions make the reviewers' feedback more actionable for the submitters and represent a valuable knowledge for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Abir Bouraffa , Yen Dieu Pham , Walid Maalej

Background: Using sentiment analysis to study software developers' behavior comes with challenges such as the presence of a large amount of technical discussion unlikely to express any positive or negative sentiment. However, emoticons…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Maëlick Claes , Mika Mäntylä , Umar Farooq

Emoji reactions are a frequently used feature of messaging platforms, yet their communicative role remains understudied. Prior work on emojis has focused predominantly on in-text usage, showing that emojis embedded in messages tend to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Serena Tardelli , Lorenzo Alvisi , Lorenzo Cima , Stefano Cresci , Maurizio Tesconi

Sentiment analysis has various application scenarios in software engineering (SE), such as detecting developers' emotions in commit messages and identifying their opinions on Q&A forums. However, commonly used out-of-the-box sentiment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Zhenpeng Chen , Yanbin Cao , Xuan Lu , Qiaozhu Mei , Xuanzhe Liu

AI-based code review tools automatically review and comment on pull requests to improve code quality. Despite their growing presence, little is known about their actual impact. We present a large-scale empirical study of 16 popular AI-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kexin Sun , Hongyu Kuang , Sebastian Baltes , Xin Zhou , He Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma , Guoping Rong , Dong Shao , Christoph Treude

Discussions is a new feature of GitHub for asking questions or discussing topics outside of specific Issues or Pull Requests. Before being available to all projects in December 2020, it had been tested on selected open source software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Hideaki Hata , Nicole Novielli , Sebastian Baltes , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Christoph Treude

With the increase in acceptance of open source platforms for knowledge sharing, Question and Answer (Q\&A) websites such as Stack Overflow have become increasingly popular in the programming domain. Many novice programmers visit Stack…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Akhila Sri Manasa Venigalla , Sridhar Chimalakonda

Emojis, as a new way of conveying nonverbal cues, are widely adopted in computer-mediated communications. In this paper, first from a message sender perspective, we focus on people's motives in using four types of emojis -- positive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Tianran Hu , Han Guo , Hao Sun , Thuy-vy Thi Nguyen , Jiebo Luo

Emojis, which encapsulate semantics beyond mere words or phrases, have become prevalent in social network communications. This has spurred increasing scholarly interest in exploring their attributes and functionalities. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yuhang Zhou , Paiheng Xu , Xiyao Wang , Xuan Lu , Ge Gao , Wei Ai

Most social media platforms are largely based on text, and users often write posts to describe where they are, what they are seeing, and how they are feeling. Because written text lacks the emotional cues of spoken and face-to-face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Fred Morstatter , Kai Shu , Suhang Wang , Huan Liu

Emojis are widely used in online social networks to express emotions, attitudes, and opinions. As emotional-oriented characters, emojis can be modeled as important features of emotions towards the recipient or subject for sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Xiaowei Yuan , Jingyuan Hu , Xiaodan Zhang , Honglei Lv , Hao Liu
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