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A novel Bethe Ansatz scheme is proposed to calculate physical properties of quantum integrable systems without $U(1)$ symmetry. As an example, the anti-periodic XXZ spin chain, a typical correlated many-body system embedded in a topological…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 Yi Qiao , Pei Sun , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang

The string hypothesis of Bethe roots is a cornerstone in the thermodynamic analysis of quantum integrable systems, since it connects root configurations with physical quantities such as the ground-state energy, surface energy and excitation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Zhouzheng Ji , Pei Sun , Xiaotian Xu , Yi Qiao , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang

We investigate the thermodynamic limit of the inhomogeneous T-Q relation of the antiferromagnetic XXZ spin chain with antiperiodic boundary condition. It is shown that the contribution of the inhomogeneous term at the ground state can be…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-18 Zhirong Xin , Yi Qiao , Kun Hao , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang

The exact elementary excitations in a typical U(1) symmetry broken quantum integrable system, that is the twisted J1-J2 spin chain with nearest-neighbor, next nearest neighbor and chiral three spin interactions, are studied. The main…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-03-13 Wei Wang , Yi Qiao , Rong-Hua Liu , Wu-Ming Liu , Junpeng Cao

The free energy per lattice site of a quantum spin chain in the thermodynamic limit is determined by a single `dominant' Eigenvalue of an associated quantum transfer matrix in the infinite Trotter number limit. For integrable quantum spin…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Saskia Faulmann , Frank Göhmann , Karol K. Kozlowski

In this contribution we review the theory of integrability of quantum systems in one spatial dimension. We introduce the basic concepts such as the Yang-Baxter equation, commuting currents, and the algebraic Bethe ansatz. Quite extensively…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-11 Andreas Klümper

The thermodynamic limits of the XYZ spin chain with periodic or twisted boundary conditions are studied. By using the technique of characterizing the eigenvalue of the transfer matrix by the $T-Q$ relation and by the zeros of the associated…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Zhirong Xin , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Yupeng Wang

An integrable quantum spin ladder based on the SU(4) symmetry algebra with boundary defects is studied in the framework of boundary integrability. Five nontrivial solutions of the reflection equations lead to different boundary impurities.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. T. Batchelor , X. -W. Guan , A. Foerster , A. P. Tonel , H. -Q. Zhou

The $Q$-system is an efficient method for finding complete physical solutions of Bethe ansatz equations, but so far its application has been confined to systems possessing $U(1)$ symmetry. We extend the rational $Q$-system framework to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-02 Yunfeng Jiang , Yi-Chao Liu , Yuan Miao , Zi-Xi Tan

We have recently proposed a Bethe Ansatz solution of the open spin-1/2 XXZ quantum spin chain with general integrable boundary terms (containing six free boundary parameters) at roots of unity. We use this solution, together with an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-10-27 Rajan Murgan , Rafael I. Nepomechie , Chi Shi

We investigate the thermodynamic limit and exact surface energy of the isotropic spin-1 Heisenberg chain with integrable generic open boundary conditions by a novel Bethe ansatz method. We obtain the homogeneous Bethe ansatz equations for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Jiasheng Dong , Pengcheng Lu , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Ian Marquette , Yao-Zhong Zhang

We review recent results on the Bethe Ansatz solutions for the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix of an integrable open XXZ quantum spin chain using functional relations which the transfer matrix obeys at roots of unity. First, we consider…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Rajan Murgan

With the XXZ spin chains as examples, we prove two theorems: (1) the functional relations derived from the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz scheme are the sufficient and necessary conditions to characterize the complete spectrum of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-11-04 Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang

The quantum periodic XXZ chain with alternating spins is studied. The properties of the related R-matrix and Hamiltonians are discussed. A compact expression for the ground state energy is obtained. The corresponding conformal anomaly is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrei Bytsko , Anastasia Doikou

We investigate the thermodynamic limit of the one-dimensional ferromagnetic XXZ model with twisted (or antiperiodic ) boundary condition. It is shown that the distribution of the Bethe roots of the inhomogeneous Bethe Ansatz equations…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Yi Qiao , Zhirong Xin , Kun Hao , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang

Bethe Ansatz solutions of the open spin-1/2 integrable XXZ quantum spin chain at roots of unity with nondiagonal boundary terms containing two free boundary parameters have recently been proposed. We use these solutions to compute the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Rajan Murgan , Rafael I. Nepomechie , Chi Shi

It is known that for the Heisenberg XXZ spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ chain in the critical regime, the scaling limit of the vacuum Bethe roots yields an infinite set of numbers that coincide with the energy spectrum of the quantum mechanical 3D…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Sascha Gehrmann , Gleb A. Kotousov , Sergei L. Lukyanov

The off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz method [1] is used to revisit the periodic XXX Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain. It is found that the spectrum of the transfer matrix can be characterized by an inhomogeneous T-Q relation, a natural but nontrivial…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-09 Yupeng Wang , Wen-Li Yang , Junpeng Cao , Kangjie Shi

The thermodynamic limit and boundary energy of the isotropic spin-1 Heisenberg chain with non-diagonal boundary fields are studied. The finite size scaling properties of the inhomogeneous term in the $ T-Q $ relation at the ground state are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-07 Zhihan Zheng , Pei Sun , Xiaotian Xu , Tao Yang , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang

The integrable XXZ alternating spin chain with generic non-diagonal boundary terms specified by the most general non-diagonal K-matrices is studied via the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz method. Based on the intrinsic properties of the fused…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-07-16 Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang
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