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The process of turbulent radial mixing in protoplanetary disks has strong relevance to the analysis of the spatial distribution of crystalline dust species in disks around young stars and to studies of the composition of meteorites and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ya. Pavlyuchenkov , C. P. Dullemond

Millimetre-compact dust disks are thought to have efficient radial drift of icy dust pebbles, which has been hypothesised to produce an enhanced cold ($T<$400 K) H$_2$O reservoir in their inner disks. Mid-infrared spectral surveys, now with…

Pebble drift is an important mechanism for supplying the materials needed to build planets in the inner region of protoplanetary disks. Thus, constraining pebble drift's timescales and mass flux is essential to understanding planet…

The material in planet-forming disks determines the composition of planets; hence, it is crucial to understand the physical and chemical processes that set the abundance and distribution of key volatiles. James Webb Space Telescope…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-09 Javiera K. Díaz-Berríos , Catherine Walsh , Ewine F. van Dishoeck

The formation of planetesimals is a necessary step in the formation of planets. While several mechanisms have been proposed, a local dust-to-gas ratio above unity is a strong requirement to trigger the collapse of pebble clouds into…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-03 Konstantinos Odysseas Xenos , Bertram Bitsch , Geoffrey Andama

High resolution ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed that many, if not all primordial disks consist of ring-like dust structures. The origin of these dust rings remains unclear, but a common explanation is the presence of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-07 Nienke van der Marel , Jonathan Williams , Simon Bruderer

Context. Ice lines are suggested to play a significant role in grain growth and planetesimal formation in protoplanetary disks. Evaporation fronts directly influence the gas and ice abundances of volatile species in the disk and therefore…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 Sebastian Markus Stammler , Tilman Birnstiel , Olja Panić , Cornelis Petrus Dullemond , Carsten Dominik

MIR spectra imply considerable chemical diversity in the inner regions of protoplanetary discs: some are H2O-dominated, others by CO2. Sublimating ices from radially drifting dust grains are often invoked to explain some of this diversity,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-05 Andrew D. Sellek , Marissa Vlasblom , Ewine F. van Dishoeck

H$_2$CO ice on dust grains is an important precursor of complex organic molecules (COMs). H$_2$CO gas can be readily observed in protoplanetary disks and may be used to trace COM chemistry. However, its utility as a COM probe is currently…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-08-31 Ryan A. Loomis , L. Ilsedore Cleeves , Karin I. Öberg , Viviana V. Guzman , Sean M. Andrews

The origin of the elevated C/O ratios in discs around late M dwarfs compared to discs around solar-type stars is not well understood. Here we endeavour to reproduce the observed differences in the disc C/O ratios as a function of stellar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-06 J. Mah , B. Bitsch , I. Pascucci , T. Henning

We present a novel mechanism for the outward transport of crystalline dust particles: the outward radial drift of pebbles. The dust ring structure is frequently observed in protoplanetary disks. One of the plausible mechanisms of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Sota Arakawa , Yuji Matsumoto , Mitsuhiko Honda

Volatiles, especially CO, are important gas tracers of protoplanetary disks (PPDs). Freeze-out and sublimation processes determine their division between gas and solid phases, which affects both which disk regions can be traced by which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 Rui Xu , Xue-Ning Bai , Karin Oberg

Here we aim to explore the origin of the strong C2H lines to reimagine the chemistry of protoplanetary disks. There are a few key aspects that drive our analysis. First, C2H is detected in young and old systems, hinting at a long-lived…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-31 Arthur D. Bosman , Felipe Alarcon , Ke Zhang , Edwin A. Bergin

Molecular lines observed towards protoplanetary disks carry information about physical and chemical processes associated with planet formation. We present ALMA Band 6 observations of C2H, HCN, and C18O in a sample of 14 disks spanning a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-08 Jennifer B. Bergner , Karin I. Oberg , Edwin A. Bergin , Ryan A. Loomis , Jamila Pegues , Chunhua Qi

We analyze the dynamics of gas-dust coupling in the presence of stellar radiation pressure in circumstellar gas disks, which are in a transitional stage between the gas-dominated, optically thick, primordial nebulae, and the dust-dominated,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Taku Takeuchi , Pawel Artymowicz

The expectation that aerodynamic drag will force the solids in a gas-rich protoplanetary disk to spiral in toward the host star on short timescales is one of the fundamental problems in planet formation theory. The nominal efficiency of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Tilman Birnstiel , Sean M. Andrews

We present new constraints on gas-phase C, N, and O abundances in the molecular layer of the IM Lup protoplanetary disk. Building on previous physical and chemical modeling of this disk, we use new ALMA observations of C$_2$H to constrain…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 L. Ilsedore Cleeves , Karin I. Oberg , David J. Wilner , Jane Huang , Ryan A. Loomis , Sean M. Andrews , V. V. Guzman

The elemental compositions of planet hosting stars serve as proxies for the primordial compositions of the protoplanetary disks within which the planets form. The temperature profile of the disk governs the condensation fronts of various…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 John M. Brewer , Debra A. Fischer , Nikku Madhusudhan

Gaps in protoplanetary disks have long been hailed as signposts of planet formation. However, a direct link between exoplanets and disks remains hard to identify. We present a large sample study of ALMA disk surveys of nearby star-forming…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Nienke van der Marel , Gijs Mulders

Chemical compositions of giant planets provide a means to constrain how and where they form. Traditionally, super-stellar elemental abundances in giant planets were thought to be possible due to accretion of metal-rich solids. Such…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-10 Richard A. Booth , Cathie J. Clarke , Nikku Madhusudhan , John D. Ilee