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The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is an interpretable mechanism for pattern recognition that constructs conjunctive clauses from data. The clauses capture frequent patterns with high discriminating power, providing increasing expression power with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Adrian Phoulady , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Saeed Rahimi Gorji , Hady Ahmady Phoulady

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a machine learning algorithm founded on the classical Tsetlin Automaton (TA) and game theory. It further leverages frequent pattern mining and resource allocation principles to extract common patterns in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Saeed Rahimi Gorji , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Sondre Glimsdal , Jonathan Edwards , Morten Goodwin

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have obtained astounding successes for important pattern recognition tasks, but they suffer from high computational complexity and the lack of interpretability. The recent Tsetlin Machine (TM) attempts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Sondre Glimsdal , Lei Jiao , Morten Goodwin , Christian W. Omlin , Geir Thore Berge

Using logical clauses to represent patterns, Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have recently obtained competitive performance in terms of accuracy, memory footprint, energy, and learning speed on several benchmarks. Each TM clause votes for or against…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-10 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Bimal Bhattarai , Morten Goodwin , Saeed Gorji , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Rupsa Saha , Rohan K. Yadav

The recently introduced Tsetlin Machine (TM) has provided competitive pattern classification accuracy in several benchmarks, composing patterns with easy-to-interpret conjunctive clauses in propositional logic. In this paper, we go beyond…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Morten Goodwin

Tsetlin machine (TM) is a logic-based machine learning approach with the crucial advantages of being transparent and hardware-friendly. While TMs match or surpass deep learning accuracy for an increasing number of applications, large clause…

Despite significant effort, building models that are both interpretable and accurate is an unresolved challenge for many pattern recognition problems. In general, rule-based and linear models lack accuracy, while deep learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-12 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Morten Goodwin

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a novel machine learning algorithm with several distinct properties, including transparent inference and learning using hardware-near building blocks. Although numerous papers explore the TM empirically, many of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Lei Jiao , Xuan Zhang , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , K. Darshana Abeyrathna

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a recent machine learning algorithm with several distinct properties, such as interpretability, simplicity, and hardware-friendliness. Although numerous empirical evaluations report on its performance, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Xuan Zhang , Lei Jiao , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Morten Goodwin

The recently introduced Tsetlin Machine (TM) has provided competitive pattern recognition accuracy in several benchmarks, however, requires a 3-dimensional hyperparameter search. In this paper, we introduce the Multigranular Tsetlin Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Saeed Rahimi Gorji , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Adrian Phoulady , Morten Goodwin

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a propositional logic based model that uses conjunctive clauses to learn patterns from data. As with typical neural networks, the performance of a Tsetlin Machine is largely dependent on its parameter count, with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Calvin Kinateder

In this article, we introduce a novel variant of the Tsetlin machine (TM) that randomly drops clauses, the key learning elements of a TM. In effect, TM with drop clause ignores a random selection of the clauses in each epoch, selected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Jivitesh Sharma , Rohan Yadav , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

Most supervised text classification approaches assume a closed world, counting on all classes being present in the data at training time. This assumption can lead to unpredictable behaviour during operation, whenever novel, previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

Feature Selection (FS) is crucial for improving model interpretability, reducing complexity, and sometimes for enhancing accuracy. The recently introduced Tsetlin machine (TM) offers interpretable clause-based learning, but lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Vojtech Halenka , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Per-Arne Andersen

We propose a novel way of assessing and fusing noisy dynamic data using a Tsetlin Machine. Our approach consists in monitoring how explanations in form of logical clauses that a TM learns changes with possible noise in dynamic data. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Rupsa Saha , Vladimir I. Zadorozhny , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a novel machine learning paradigm that employs finite-state automata for learning and utilizes propositional logic to represent patterns. Due to its simplistic approach, TMs are inherently more interpretable than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mayur Kishor Shende , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Runar Helin , Vladimir I. Zadorozhny , Rishad Shafik

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) architecture has recently demonstrated effectiveness in Machine Learning (ML), particularly within Natural Language Processing (NLP). It has been utilized to construct word embedding using conjunctive propositional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Bimal Bhattarai

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) provide a fundamental shift from arithmetic-based to logic-based machine learning. Supporting convolution, they deal successfully with image classification datasets like MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and CIFAR-2. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have garnered increasing interest for their ability to learn concepts via propositional formulas and their proven efficiency across various application domains. Despite this, the convergence proof for the TMs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Mohamed-Bachir Belaid , Jivitesh Sharma , Lei Jiao , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Per-Arne Andersen , Anis Yazidi

We present an all-digital programmable machine learning accelerator chip for image classification, underpinning on the Tsetlin machine (TM) principles. The TM is an emerging machine learning algorithm founded on propositional logic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Svein Anders Tunheim , Yujin Zheng , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev , Ole-Christoffer Granmo
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