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Unsupervised machine learning is the training of an artificial intelligence system using information that is neither classified nor labeled, with a view to modeling the underlying structure or distribution in a dataset. Since unsupervised…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Xiaoyuan Xie , Zhiyi Zhang , Tsong Yueh Chen , Yang Liu , Pak-Lok Poon , Baowen Xu

We elaborate on a metamorphic approach for testing industrial control systems. The proposed approach consists of two phases: an exploration phase in which we learn about fault patterns of the system under test and an exploitation phase…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Gaadha Sudheerbabu , Tanwir Ahmad , Filip Sebek , Dragos Truscan , Jüri Vain , Ivan Porres

Conformal prediction provides a powerful framework for constructing distribution-free prediction regions with finite-sample coverage guarantees. While extensively studied in univariate settings, its extension to multi-output problems…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-04 Victor Dheur , Matteo Fontana , Yorick Estievenart , Naomi Desobry , Souhaib Ben Taieb

Linear regression is arguably the most widely used statistical method. With fixed regressors and correlated errors, the conventional wisdom is to modify the variance-covariance estimator to accommodate the known correlation structure of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-11 Zifeng Zhang , Peng Ding , Wen Zhou , Haonan Wang

As machine learning (ML) systems increasingly permeate high-stakes settings such as healthcare, transportation, military, and national security, concerns regarding their reliability have emerged. Despite notable progress, the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Anthony Corso , David Karamadian , Romeo Valentin , Mary Cooper , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Several multi-target regression methods were devel-oped in the last years aiming at improving predictive performanceby exploring inter-target correlation within the problem. However, none of these methods outperforms the others for all…

In this paper, we develop a systematic theory for high dimensional analysis of variance in multivariate linear regression, where the dimension and the number of coefficients can both grow with the sample size. We propose a new \emph{U}~type…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-12 Zhipeng Lou , Xianyang Zhang , Wei Biao Wu

This work is concerned with the estimation of multidimensional regression and the asymptotic behaviour of the test involved in selecting models. The main problem with such models is that we need to know the covariance matrix of the noise to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-02-20 Joseph Rynkiewicz

In many applied sciences a popular analysis strategy for high-dimensional data is to fit many multivariate generalized linear models in parallel. This paper presents a novel approach to address the resulting multiple testing problem by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-07 Riccardo De Santis , Jelle J. Goeman , Samuel Davenport , Jesse Hemerik , Livio Finos

In software testing, a set of test cases is constructed according to some predefined selection criteria. The software is then examined against these test cases. Three interesting observations have been made on the current artifacts of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-02 T. Y. Chen , S. C. Cheung , S. M. Yiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in Natural Language Processing but remain vulnerable to fairness-related issues, often reflecting biases inherent in their training data. These biases pose risks, particularly when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Harishwar Reddy , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

Deep learning (DL) frameworks are essential to DL-based software systems, and framework bugs may lead to substantial disasters, thus requiring effective testing. Researchers adopt DL models or single interfaces as test inputs and analyze…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yanzhou Mu , Juan Zhai , Chunrong Fang , Xiang Chen , Zhixiang Cao , Peiran Yang , Kexin Zhao , An Guo , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in various applications, raising critical concerns about fairness and potential biases in their outputs. This paper explores the prioritization of metamorphic relations (MRs) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Suavis Giramata , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Venkat Naidu Gudivada , Upulee Kanewala

We consider a nonlinear polynomial regression model in which we wish to test the null hypothesis of structural stability in the regression parameters against the alternative of a break at an unknown time. We derive the extreme value…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-23 Alexander Aue , Lajos Horváth , Marie Hušková , Piotr Kokoszka

Studying the reliability of complex systems using machine learning techniques involves facing a series of technical and practical challenges, ranging from the intrinsic nature of the system and data to the difficulties in modeling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Maria Luz Gamiz , Fernando Navas-Gomez , Rafael Nozal-Cañadas , Rocio Raya-Miranda

In this review article we consider linear regression analysis from a geometric perspective, looking at standard methods and outputs in terms of the lengths of the relevant vectors and the angles between these vectors. We show that standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-20 Ben O'Neill

Symbolic regression searches for analytic expressions that accurately describe studied phenomena. The main attraction of this approach is that it returns an interpretable model that can be insightful to users. Historically, the majority of…

In this article, we describe the regression test process to test and verify the changes made on software. A developed technique use the automation test based on decision tree and test selection process in order to reduce the testing cost is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-11-28 Seifedine Kadry

Monotonicity is a key qualitative prediction of a wide array of economic models derived via robust comparative statics. It is therefore important to design effective and practical econometric methods for testing this prediction in empirical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-10 Denis Chetverikov

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a fundamental method for classification. Its simple linear structure facilitates interpretation, and it is naturally suited to multi-class settings. LDA is also closely connected to several classical…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-09 Xin Bing , Bingqing Li , Marten Wegkamp