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The deployment of extremely large antenna arrays (ELAAs) in extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems introduces significant near-field effects, such as spherical wavefront propagation and spatially…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Anzheng Tang , Jun-Bo Wang , Yijin Pan , Tuo Wu , Yijian Chen , Hongkang Yu , Maged Elkashlan

The employment of extremely large antenna arrays and high-frequency signaling makes future 6G wireless communications likely to operate in the near-field region. In this case, the spherical wave assumption which takes into account both the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-29 Xing Zhang , Haiyang Zhang , Yonina C. Eldar

Extremely large-scale multiple input multiple output (XL-MIMO), a key technology for 6G communications, faces challenges in near-field channel estimation due to spherical wavefronts and the need for three-dimensional (3D) spatial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chenliang Yang , Guangchi Zhang , Miao Cui , Qingqing Wu , Yong Zeng

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) at millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands plays an important role in supporting extreme high beamforming gain as well as ultra-wideband spectrum resources.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Mingyao Cui , Linglong Dai

Extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) is promising as one of the key ingredients for the sixth generation (6G) of wireless communications. The electromagnetic propagation of spherical wavefronts introduces an additional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xu Shi , Xuehan Wang , Jingbo Tan , Jintao Wang

To realize holographic communications, a potential technology for spectrum efficiency improvement in the future sixth-generation (6G) network, antenna arrays inlaid with numerous antenna elements will be deployed. However, the increase in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Shaohua Yue , Shuhao Zeng , Liang Liu , Boya Di

This paper investigates the design of channel estimation and 3D localization algorithms in a challenging scenario, where a sub-connected planar extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) communicates with multi-antenna…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Kangda Zhi , Tianyu Yang , Songyan Xue , Giuseppe Caire

This paper investigates the near-field (NF) channel estimation (CE) for extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems. Considering the pronounced NF effects in XL-MIMO communications, we first establish a joint…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Zhenzhou Jin , Li You , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Xiang-Gen Xia , Xiqi Gao

The extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) has the potential to achieve boosted spectral efficiency and refined spatial resolution for future wireless networks. However, channel estimation for XL-MIMO is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Chun Huang , Jindan Xu , Wei Xu , Xiaohu You , Chau Yuen , Yijian Chen

Since the beam squint and near-field effects both inherently exist in upper-6 GHz (U6G) extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems, wideband near-field channel estimation faces severe challenges, such as higher…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Zhizheng Lu , Yu Han , Xiao Li , Shi Jin , Michail Matthaiou

This work establishes a framework of near-field communication under different array geometries of extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO). We first formulate the near-field spatial non-stationary channel model which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Kangda Zhi , Yi Song , Tianyu Yang , Tuo Wu , Tengjiao Wang , Songyan Xue , Fangzhou Wu , Giuseppe Caire

Future sixth-generation (6G) systems are expected to leverage extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) technology, which significantly expands the range of the near-field region. The spherical wavefront characteristics…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Shicong Liu , Xianghao Yu , Zhen Gao , Jie Xu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Shuguang Cui

Future Terahertz communications exhibit significant potential in accommodating ultra-high-rate services. Employing extremely large-scale array antennas is a key approach to realize this potential, as they can harness substantial beamforming…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Songjie Yang , Yizhou Peng , Wanting Lyu , Ya Li , Hongjun He , Zhongpei Zhang , Chau Yuen

Terahertz ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (THz UM-MIMO) is envisioned as one of the key enablers of 6G wireless systems. Due to the joint effect of its array aperture and small wavelength, the near-field region of THz UM-MIMO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Wentao Yu , Yifei Shen , Hengtao He , Xianghao Yu , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

In this paper, we study blind channel-and-signal estimation by exploiting the burst-sparse structure of angular-domain propagation channels in massive MIMO systems. The state-of-the-art approach utilizes the structured channel sparsity by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Hang Liu , Xiaojun Yuan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

The use of ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output and high-frequency large bandwidth systems is likely in the next-generation wireless communication systems. In such systems, the user moves between near- and far-field regions, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Simon Tarboush , Anum Ali , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is believed to be a cornerstone of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. XL-MIMO uses more antennas to both achieve unprecedented spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Emil Björnson

Future sixth-generation (6G) systems are expected to leverage extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) technology, which significantly expands the range of the near-field region. While accurate channel estimation is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Shicong Liu , Xianghao Yu , Zhen Gao , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Accurate channel estimation is essential for reliable communication in sub-THz extremely large (XL) MIMO systems. Deploying XL-MIMO in high-frequency bands not only increases the number of antennas, but also fundamentally alters channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Wen-Xuan Long , Marco Moretti , Michele Morelli , Luca Sanguinetti , Rui Chen

Channel estimation is one of the key challenges for the deployment of extremely large-scale reconfigurable intelligent surface (XL-RIS) assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this paper, we study the channel estimation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-29 Jeongjae Lee , Hyeongjin Chung , Yunseong Cho , Sunwoo Kim , Songnam Hong