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Primordial black holes (PBHs) from the early Universe that can contribute to dark matter (DM) abundance have been linked to gravitational wave observations. Super-massive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of galaxies are expected to modify…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-27 Qianhang Ding , Minxi He , Volodymyr Takhistov

We explore the ability of gravitational-wave detectors to extract the redshift distribution of binary black hole (BBH) mergers. The evolution of the merger rate across redshifts $0 < z \lesssim 1$ is directly tied to the formation and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-23 Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz , Will M. Farr

The detection of primordial black holes (PBHs) would mark a major breakthrough, with far-reaching implications for early universe cosmology, fundamental physics, and the nature of dark matter. Gravitational wave observations have recently…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Andrea Begnoni , Stefano Profumo

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are well-motivated candidates for cold dark matter and may also account for a fraction of the binary black hole mergers observed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration. In this study, we investigate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-30 Sourav Roy Chowdhury , Aritra Basak , Maxim Khlopov , Maxim Krasnov

Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) will observe binary black hole (BBH) mergers at redshifts up to $z\sim 100$. However, an unequivocal determination of the origin of high-redshift sources…

The first stars forming in minihaloes at redshifts greater than 20 may have been very massive and could have left behind massive black hole (MBH) remnants. In previous papers we investigated the hierarchical merging of these `seed' MBHs and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ranty R. Islam , James E. Taylor , Joseph Silk

The existence of massive stellar black hole binaries (MBHBs), with primary black hole (BH) masses $\ge 31 \, M_\odot$, was proven by the detection of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW150914 during the first LIGO/Virgo observing run (O1),…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-14 L. Graziani , R. Schneider , S. Marassi , W. Del Pozzo , M. Mapelli , N. Giacobbo

It has long been suggested that a fraction of the dark matter in the Universe could exist in the form of primordial black holes (PBHs) that have existed since the radiation dominated era. Recent studies have suggested that these PBHs may be…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-03 Lewis R. Prole , John A. Regan , Daxal Mehta , Peter Coles , Pratika Dayal

In the recent years, primordial black holes (PBHs) have emerged as one of the most interesting and hotly debated topics in cosmology. Among other possibilities, PBHs could explain both some of the signals from binary black hole mergers…

The population of black holes observed via gravitational waves currently covers the local universe up to a redshift $z\lesssim 1$, for the most massive merging binaries, or $z\lesssim 0.25$ for low-mass BH binaries (BBH). Evolution of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-16 Jam Sadiq , Thomas Dent , Ana Lorenzo-Medina

Primordial black holes (PBHs) might be formed in the early Universe and could comprise at least a fraction of the dark matter. Using the recently released GWTC-2 dataset from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 Kaze W. K. Wong , Gabriele Franciolini , Valerio De Luca , Vishal Baibhav , Emanuele Berti , Paolo Pani , Antonio Riotto

Primordial black holes (PBHs), possibly constituting a non-negligible fraction of dark matter (DM), might be responsible for a number of gravitational wave events detected by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA. In this paper, we simulate the evolution of PBH…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-22 Muhsin Aljaf , Ilias Cholis

We investigate how the next generation gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, such as Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE), can be used to distinguish primordial black holes (PBHs) from astrophysical black holes (ABHs). Since a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Zu-Cheng Chen , Qing-Guo Huang

Next-generation ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors are expected to observe millions of binary black hole mergers, a fraction of which will be strongly lensed by intervening galaxies or clusters, producing multiple images with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-16 Huan Zhou , Bin Liu , Zheng-Xiang Li , Xi-Jing Wang , Kai Liao

Binary black holes (BBHs) are thought to form in different environments, including the galactic field and (globular, nuclear, young and open) star clusters. Here, we propose a method to estimate the fingerprints of the main BBH formation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-06-03 Manuel Arca Sedda , Michela Mapelli , Mario Spera , Matthew Benacquista , Nicola Giacobbo

The next generation ground-based gravitational wave interferometers will possibly observe mergers of binary black holes (BBHs) and binary neutron stars (BNSs) to redshift $z\gtrsim{}10$ and $z\gtrsim{}2$, respectively. Here, we characterize…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-08 Michela Mapelli , Nicola Giacobbo , Filippo Santoliquido , M. Celeste Artale

Cosmic voids are known as underdense substructures of the cosmic web that cover a large volume of the Universe. It is known that cosmic voids contain a small number of dark matter halos, so the existence of primordial black holes (PBHs) in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-09 Saeed Fakhry , Seyed Sajad Tabasi , Javad T. Firouzjaee

Galaxies observed today are likely to have evolved from density perturbations in the early universe. Perturbations that exceeded some critical threshold are conjectured to have undergone gravitational collapse to form primordial black holes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Yang Luo , Shravan Hanasoge , Jeroen Tromp , Frans Pretorius

The connection between the binary black hole (BBH) mergers observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) and their stellar progenitors remains uncertain. Specifically, the fraction $\epsilon$ of stellar mass that ends up in BBH mergers and the delay…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-27 Aryanna Schiebelbein-Zwack , Maya Fishbach

The LIGO/Virgo collaboration have by now detected the mergers of ten black hole binaries via the emission of gravitational radiation. The hypothesis that these black holes have formed during the cosmic QCD epoch and make up all of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-30 Karsten Jedamzik