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Related papers: On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Model…

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This position paper explores the rapid development of Foundation Models (FMs) in AI and their implications for intelligence and reasoning. It examines the characteristics of FMs, including their training on vast datasets and use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Alan F. Smeaton

Foundation models (FMs) such as large language models have revolutionized the field of AI by showing remarkable performance in various tasks. However, they exhibit numerous limitations that prevent their broader adoption in many real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Debarun Bhattacharjya , Junkyu Lee , Don Joven Agravante , Balaji Ganesan , Radu Marinescu

Modeling environmental ecosystems is essential for effective resource management, sustainable development, and understanding complex ecological processes. However, traditional methods frequently struggle with the inherent complexity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Runlong Yu , Shengyu Chen , Yiqun Xie , Xiaowei Jia

Most state-of-the-art AI applications in atmospheric science are based on classic deep learning approaches. However, such approaches cannot automatically integrate multiple complicated procedures to construct an intelligent agent, since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Lujia Zhang , Hanzhe Cui , Yurong Song , Chenyue Li , Binhang Yuan , Mengqian Lu

As AI adoption expands across human society, the problem of aligning AI models to match human preferences remains a grand challenge. Currently, the AI alignment field is deeply divided between behavioral and representational approaches,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ben Y. Reis , William La Cava

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into organizational technology frameworks has transformed how organizations engage with AI-driven models, influencing both operational performance and strategic innovation. With the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Johannes Schneider , Rene Abraham

Large AI models, or foundation models, are models recently emerging with massive scales both parameter-wise and data-wise, the magnitudes of which can reach beyond billions. Once pretrained, large AI models demonstrate impressive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jianing Qiu , Lin Li , Jiankai Sun , Jiachuan Peng , Peilun Shi , Ruiyang Zhang , Yinzhao Dong , Kyle Lam , Frank P. -W. Lo , Bo Xiao , Wu Yuan , Ningli Wang , Dong Xu , Benny Lo

Increasingly multi-purpose AI models, such as cutting-edge large language models or other 'general-purpose AI' (GPAI) models, 'foundation models,' generative AI models, and 'frontier models' (typically all referred to hereafter with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Anthony M. Barrett , Jessica Newman , Brandie Nonnecke , Nada Madkour , Dan Hendrycks , Evan R. Murphy , Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman

Advances in machine learning over the past decade have resulted in a proliferation of algorithmic applications for encoding, characterizing, and acting on complex data that may contain many high dimensional features. Recently, the emergence…

This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts. Over the recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Gerhard Paaß , Sven Giesselbach

Foundation models--such as GPT, CLIP, and DINO--have achieved revolutionary progress in the past several years and are commonly believed to be a promising approach for general-purpose AI. In particular, self-supervised learning is adopted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jinyuan Jia , Hongbin Liu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Foundation models (FMs) are large-scale deep learning models trained on massive datasets, often using self-supervised learning techniques. These models serve as a versatile base for a wide range of downstream tasks, including those in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Wasif Khan , Seowung Leem , Kyle B. See , Joshua K. Wong , Shaoting Zhang , Ruogu Fang

Foundation models, as a mainstream technology in artificial intelligence, have demonstrated immense potential across various domains in recent years, particularly in handling complex tasks and multimodal data. In the field of geophysics,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-28 Hanlin Sheng , Xinming Wu , Hang Gao , Haibin Di , Sergey Fomel , Jintao Li , Xu Si

Safety and responsibility evaluations of advanced AI models are a critical but developing field of research and practice. In the development of Google DeepMind's advanced AI models, we innovated on and applied a broad set of approaches to…

Foundation models, such as large language models (LLMs), have been widely recognised as transformative AI technologies due to their capabilities to understand and generate content, including plans with reasoning capabilities. Foundation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Zhenchang Xing , Stefan Harrer , Jon Whittle

Big models have greatly advanced AI's ability to understand, generate, and manipulate information and content, enabling numerous applications. However, as these models become increasingly integrated into everyday life, their inherent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Xiting Wang , Xing Xie

The rapid advancement of large models, driven by their exceptional abilities in learning and generalization through large-scale pre-training, has reshaped the landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI). These models are now foundational to a…

The rise of foundation models holds immense promise for advancing AI, but this progress may amplify existing risks and inequalities, leaving marginalized communities behind. In this position paper, we discuss that disparities towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Golnoosh Farnadi , Mohammad Havaei , Negar Rostamzadeh

Foundation model, which is pre-trained on broad data and is able to adapt to a wide range of tasks, is advancing healthcare. It promotes the development of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) models, breaking the contradiction between…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yuting He , Fuxiang Huang , Xinrui Jiang , Yuxiang Nie , Minghao Wang , Jiguang Wang , Hao Chen