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As cyber threats grow increasingly sophisticated, reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a promising technique to create intelligent and adaptive cyber defense systems. However, most existing autonomous defensive agents have overlooked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Ilya Orson Sandoval , Isaac Symes Thompson , Vasilios Mavroudis , Chris Hicks

Microgrids (MGs) are small-scale power systems which interconnect distributed energy resources and loads within clearly defined regions. However, the digital infrastructure used in an MG to relay sensory information and perform control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-01 Christopher Neal , Hanane Dagdougui , Andrea Lodi , José Fernandez

This work-in-progress paper introduces a prototype for a novel Graph Neural Network (GNN) based approach to estimate hidden states in cyber attack simulations. Utilizing the Meta Attack Language (MAL) in conjunction with Relational Dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Pontus Johnson , Mathias Ekstedt

Graphs can be used to represent and reason about systems and a variety of metrics have been devised to quantify their global characteristics. However, little is currently known about how to construct a graph or improve an existing one given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in real-world decision-making across diverse domains, including gaming, robotics, online advertising, public health, and natural language processing. Despite these advances, a…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-23 Asim H. Gazi , Yongyi Guo , Daiqi Gao , Ziping Xu , Kelly W. Zhang , Susan A. Murphy

Ransomware presents a significant and increasing threat to individuals and organizations by encrypting their systems and not releasing them until a large fee has been extracted. To bolster preparedness against potential attacks,…

The widespread use of knowledge graphs in various fields has brought about a challenge in effectively integrating and updating information within them. When it comes to incorporating contexts, conventional methods often rely on rules or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Ngoc Quach , Qi Wang , Zijun Gao , Qifeng Sun , Bo Guan , Lillian Floyd

Increased dependence on networked, software based control has escalated the vulnerabilities of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs). Detection and monitoring components developed leveraging dynamical systems theory are often employed as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ipsita Koley , Sunandan Adhikary , Soumyajit Dey

As cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, the need for advanced tools to analyze and understand complex cyber environments has become increasingly critical. Graph theory offers a powerful framework for modeling relationships within cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Goksel Kucukkaya , Murat Ozer , Kazim Ciris

Reinforcement Learning (RL), bolstered by the expressive capabilities of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for function approximation, has demonstrated considerable success in numerous applications. However, its practicality in addressing various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Aditya Mohan , Amy Zhang , Marius Lindauer

Despite the successful application of machine learning (ML) in a wide range of domains, adaptability---the very property that makes machine learning desirable---can be exploited by adversaries to contaminate training and evade…

Deep learning on graph structures has shown exciting results in various applications. However, few attentions have been paid to the robustness of such models, in contrast to numerous research work for image or text adversarial attack and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Hanjun Dai , Hui Li , Tian Tian , Xin Huang , Lin Wang , Jun Zhu , Le Song

Deep learning models are vulnerable to external attacks. In this paper, we propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based approach to generate adversarial examples for the pre-trained (target) models. We assume a semi black-box setting where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Mandar Kulkarni

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are increasingly used to simulate sophisticated cyberattacks, but their decision-making processes remain opaque, hindering trust, debugging, and defensive preparedness. In high-stakes cybersecurity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Diksha Goel , Kristen Moore , Jeff Wang , Minjune Kim , Thanh Thi Nguyen

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in autonomous cyber defence agents trained to defend computer networks using deep reinforcement learning. These agents are typically trained in cyber gym environments using dense, highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Elizabeth Bates , Chris Hicks , Vasilios Mavroudis

Penetration Testing plays a critical role in evaluating the security of a target network by emulating real active adversaries. Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is seen as a promising solution to automating the process of penetration tests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Yizhou Yang , Xin Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be well-performed and general-purpose in the inventory control (IC). However, further improvement of RL algorithms in the IC domain is impeded due to two limitations of online experience. First,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zifan Liu , Xinran Li , Shibo Chen , Gen Li , Jiashuo Jiang , Jun Zhang

In order to gain access to networks, different types of intrusion attacks have been designed, and the attackers are working on improving them. Computer networks have become increasingly important in daily life due to the increasing reliance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Mohammad Hossein Modirrousta , Parisa Forghani Arani , Mahdi Aliyari Shoorehdeli

In this work, we first describe a framework for the application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) control to a radar system that operates in a congested spectral setting. We then compare the utility of several RL algorithms through a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Charles E. Thornton , R. Michael Buehrer , Anthony F. Martone , Kelly D. Sherbondy

The current state-of-the-art backdoor attacks against Reinforcement Learning (RL) rely upon unrealistically permissive access models, that assume the attacker can read (or even write) the victim's policy parameters, observations, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shijie Liu , Andrew C. Cullen , Paul Montague , Sarah Erfani , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein