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Deep neural networks are an attractive tool for compressing the control policy lookup tables in systems such as the Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS). It is vital to ensure the safety of such neural controllers via verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Kai Jia , Martin Rinard

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is essential for deploying large models under strict memory and latency constraints, yet achieving stable and robust optimization at ultra-low bitwidths remains challenging. Common approaches based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tianyi Chen , Sihan Chen , Xiaoyi Qu , Dan Zhao , Ruomei Yan , Jongwoo Ko , Luming Liang , Pashmina Cameron

Quantization is a popular technique that $transforms$ the parameter representation of a neural network from floating-point numbers into lower-precision ones ($e.g.$, 8-bit integers). It reduces the memory footprint and the computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Sanghyun Hong , Michael-Andrei Panaitescu-Liess , Yiğitcan Kaya , Tudor Dumitraş

To obtain lower inference latency and less memory footprint of deep neural networks, model quantization has been widely employed in deep model deployment, by converting the floating points to low-precision integers. However, previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Yangcheng Gao , Zhao Zhang , Richang Hong , Haijun Zhang , Jicong Fan , Shuicheng Yan

Neural network quantization aims to reduce the bit-widths of weights and activations, making it a critical technique for deploying deep neural networks on resource-constrained hardware. Most Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) methods rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Kaiqi Zhao

Data-free quantization is a task that compresses the neural network to low bit-width without access to original training data. Most existing data-free quantization methods cause severe performance degradation due to inaccurate activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yefei He , Luoming Zhang , Weijia Wu , Hong Zhou

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved extraordinary performance in various application domains. To support diverse DNN models, efficient implementations of DNN inference on edge-computing platforms, e.g., ASICs, FPGAs, and embedded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Sung-En Chang , Yanyu Li , Mengshu Sun , Runbin Shi , Hayden K. -H. So , Xuehai Qian , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin

Many communication-efficient variants of SGD use gradient quantization schemes. These schemes are often heuristic and fixed over the course of training. We empirically observe that the statistics of gradients of deep models change during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Fartash Faghri , Iman Tabrizian , Ilia Markov , Dan Alistarh , Daniel Roy , Ali Ramezani-Kebrya

Network quantization is an essential procedure in deep learning for development of efficient fixed-point inference models on mobile or edge platforms. However, as datasets grow larger and privacy regulations become stricter, data sharing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Yoojin Choi , Jihwan Choi , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee

Network quantization, which aims to reduce the bit-lengths of the network weights and activations, has emerged as one of the key ingredients to reduce the size of neural networks for their deployments to resource-limited devices. In order…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Jung Hyun Lee , Jihun Yun , Sung Ju Hwang , Eunho Yang

Differentially-Private SGD (DP-SGD) and its adaptive variant DP-Adam are powerful techniques to protect user privacy when using sensitive data to train neural networks. During training, converting model weights and activations into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yubo Gao , Renbo Tu , Gennady Pekhimenko , Nandita Vijaykumar

Despite breakthrough advances in image super-resolution (SR) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), SR has yet to enjoy ubiquitous applications due to the high computational complexity of SR networks. Quantization is one of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Cheeun Hong , Sungyong Baik , Heewon Kim , Seungjun Nah , Kyoung Mu Lee

Mixed-precision quantization has been widely applied on deep neural networks (DNNs) as it leads to significantly better efficiency-accuracy tradeoffs compared to uniform quantization. Meanwhile, determining the exact precision of each layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Lirui Xiao , Huanrui Yang , Zhen Dong , Kurt Keutzer , Li Du , Shanghang Zhang

Quantization is one of the most applied Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression strategies, when deploying a trained DNN model on an embedded system or a cell phone. This is owing to its simplicity and adaptability to a wide range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Ahmed Haj Yahmed , Houssem Ben Braiek , Foutse Khomh , Sonia Bouzidi , Rania Zaatour

Zero-shot quantization aims to learn a quantized model from a pre-trained full-precision model with no access to original real training data. The common idea in zero-shot quantization approaches is to generate synthetic data for quantizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Dung Hoang-Anh , Cuong Pham Trung Le , Jianfei Cai , Thanh-Toan Do

Efficient deep neural network (DNN) inference on mobile or embedded devices typically involves quantization of the network parameters and activations. In particular, mixed precision networks achieve better performance than networks with…

We study the problem of training and certifying adversarially robust quantized neural networks (QNNs). Quantization is a technique for making neural networks more efficient by running them using low-bit integer arithmetic and is therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Mathias Lechner , Đorđe Žikelić , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Daniela Rus

The Straight-Through Estimator (STE) is widely used for back-propagating gradients through the quantization function, but the STE technique lacks a complete theoretical understanding. We propose an alternative methodology called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Zhi-Gang Liu , Matthew Mattina

The success of autoregressive models largely depends on the effectiveness of vector quantization, a technique that discretizes continuous features by mapping them to the nearest code vectors within a learnable codebook. Two critical issues…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xianghong Fang , Litao Guo , Hengchao Chen , Yuxuan Zhang , XiaofanXia , Dingjie Song , Yexin Liu , Hao Wang , Harry Yang , Yuan Yuan , Qiang Sun

Low-bit quantization is challenging to maintain high performance with limited model capacity (e.g., 4-bit for both weights and activations). Naturally, the distribution of both weights and activations in deep neural network are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Haibao Yu , Tuopu Wen , Guangliang Cheng , Jiankai Sun , Qi Han , Jianping Shi