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This article investigates nonparametric estimation of variance functions for functional data when the mean function is unknown. We obtain asymptotic results for the kernel estimator based on squared residuals. Similar to the finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-12-16 Heng Lian

In many areas of science one aims to estimate latent sub-population mean curves based only on observations of aggregated population curves. By aggregated curves we mean linear combination of functional data that cannot be observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-02-15 Ronaldo Dias , Nancy L. Garcia , Alexandra M. Schmidt

Functional data analysis has attracted considerable interest and is facing new challenges, one of which is the increasingly available data in a streaming manner. In this article we develop an online nonparametric method to dynamically…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-05 Ying Yang , Fang Yao

We consider settings where data are available on a nonparametric function and various partial derivatives. Such circumstances arise in practice, for example in the joint estimation of cost and input functions in economics. We show that when…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Peter Hall , Adonis Yatchew

Outlying curves often occur in functional or longitudinal datasets, and can be very influential on parameter estimators and very hard to detect visually. In this article we introduce estimators of the mean and the principal components that…

Applications · Statistics 2010-11-03 Daniel Gervini

Data can be assumed to be continuous functions defined on an infinite-dimensional space for many phenomena. However, the infinite-dimensional data might be driven by a small number of latent variables. Hence, factor models are relevant for…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-18 Israel Martínez-Hernández , Jesús Gonzalo , Graciela González-Farías

The problem of estimating the mean of random functions based on discretely sampled data arises naturally in functional data analysis. In this paper, we study optimal estimation of the mean function under both common and independent designs.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-24 T. Tony Cai , Ming Yuan

In functional data analysis (FDA), covariance function is fundamental not only as a critical quantity for understanding elementary aspects of functional data but also as an indispensable ingredient for many advanced FDA methods. This paper…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-01-24 Raymond K. W. Wong , Xiaoke Zhang

We consider the problem of predicting a real random variable from a functional explanatory variable. The problem is attacked by mean of nonparametric kernel approach which has been recently adapted to this functional context. We derive…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Frédéric Ferraty , André Mas , Philippe Vieu

Paradoxically, while the assumptions of second-order stationarity and isotropy appear outdated in light of modern spatial data, they remain remarkably robust in practice, as nonstationary methods often provide marginal improvements in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-07 Federico Blasi , Reinhard Furrer

For covariance test in functional data analysis, existing methods are developed only for fully observed curves, whereas in practice, trajectories are typically observed discretely and with noise. To bridge this gap, we employ a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-20 Yang Zhou , Jin Yang , Fang Yao

Nonparametric estimation of the mean and covariance functions is ubiquitous in functional data analysis and local linear smoothing techniques are most frequently used. Zhang and Wang (2016) explored different types of asymptotic properties…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Shaojun Guo , Dong Li , Xinghao Qiao , Yizhu Wang

In a wide range of applications, the stochastic properties of the observed time series change over time. The changes often occur gradually rather than abruptly: the prop- erties are (approximately) constant for some time and then slowly…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-03-18 Michael Vogt , Holger Dette

New estimators for the mean and the covariance function for partially observed functional data are proposed using a detour via the fundamental theorem of calculus. The new estimators allow for a consistent estimation of the mean and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-01 Dominik Liebl , Stefan Rameseder

Motivated by recent work involving the analysis of leveraging spatial correlations in sparsified mean estimation, we present a novel procedure for constructing covariance estimator. The proposed Random-knots (Random-knots-Spatial) and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-25 Sijie Zheng , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Contamination of covariates by measurement error is a classical problem in multivariate regression, where it is well known that failing to account for this contamination can result in substantial bias in the parameter estimators. The nature…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-13 Anirvan Chakraborty , Victor M. Panaretos

Flexible estimation of the mean outcome under a treatment regimen (i.e., value function) is the key step toward personalized medicine. We define our target parameter as a conditional value function given a set of baseline covariates which…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Ashkan Ertefaie , Luke Duttweiler , Brent A. Johnson , Mark J. van der Laan

Non-parametric inference for functional data over two-dimensional domains entails additional computational and statistical challenges, compared to the one-dimensional case. Separability of the covariance is commonly assumed to address these…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-19 Tomas Masak , Tomas Rubin , Victor Panaretos

The semivarying coefficient models are widely used in the application of finance, economics, medical science and many other areas. The functional coefficients are commonly estimated by local smoothing methods, e.g. local linear estimator.…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-01 Heng Peng , Chuanlong Xie , Jingxin Zhao

We consider inference for the mean and covariance functions of covariate adjusted functional data using Local Linear Kernel (LLK) estimators. By means of a double asymptotic, we differentiate between sparse and dense covariate adjusted…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-28 Dominik Liebl