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We investigate properties of neural networks that use both ReLU and $x^2$ as activation functions and build upon previous results to show that both analytic functions and functions in Sobolev spaces can be approximated by such networks of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Vincent P. H. Goverse , Jad Hamdan , Jared Tanner

In comparison to classical shallow representation learning techniques, deep neural networks have achieved superior performance in nearly every application benchmark. But despite their clear empirical advantages, it is still not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Calvin Murdock , George Cazenavette , Simon Lucey

We consider functions defined by deep neural networks as definable objects in an o-miminal expansion of the real field, and derive an almost linear (in the number of weights) bound on sample complexity of such networks.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Alexander Usvyatsov

This work presents a novel algorithm for transforming a neural network into a spline representation. Unlike previous work that required convex and piecewise-affine network operators to create a max-affine spline alternate form, this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Adam Perrett , Danny Wood , Gavin Brown

This work explores the neural network approximation capabilities for functions within the spectral Barron space $\mathscr{B}^s$, where $s$ is the smoothness index. We demonstrate that for functions in $\mathscr{B}^{1/2}$, a shallow neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Yulei Liao , Pingbing Ming , Hao Yu

This paper develops fundamental limits of deep neural network learning by characterizing what is possible if no constraints are imposed on the learning algorithm and on the amount of training data. Concretely, we consider Kolmogorov-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Dennis Elbrächter , Dmytro Perekrestenko , Philipp Grohs , Helmut Bölcskei

Artificial Neuronal Networks are models widely used for many scientific tasks. One of the well-known field of application is the approximation of high-dimensional problems via Deep Learning. In the present paper we investigate the Deep…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-06 F. Calabrò , S. Cuomo , F. Giampaolo , S. Izzo , C. Nitsch , F. Piccialli , C. Trombetti

It is fundamental to measure model complexity of deep neural networks. The existing literature on model complexity mainly focuses on neural networks with piecewise linear activation functions. Model complexity of neural networks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Xia Hu , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian , Jian Pei

The compression of deep neural networks (DNNs) to reduce inference cost becomes increasingly important to meet realistic deployment requirements of various applications. There have been a significant amount of work regarding network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Tianyi Chen , Bo Ji , Yixin Shi , Tianyu Ding , Biyi Fang , Sheng Yi , Xiao Tu

We study approximation and statistical learning properties of deep ReLU networks under structural assumptions that mitigate the curse of dimensionality. We prove minimax-optimal uniform approximation rates for $s$-H\"older smooth functions…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Thomas Nagler , Sophie Langer

Functions on a bounded domain in scientific computing are often approximated using piecewise polynomial approximations on meshes that adapt to the shape of the geometry. We study the problem of function approximation using splines on a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-27 Vincent Coppé , Daan Huybrechs

To better understand complexity in neural networks, we theoretically investigate the idealised phenomenon of lossless network compressibility, whereby an identical function can be implemented with fewer hidden units. In the setting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Matthew Farrugia-Roberts

This paper is concerned with the approximation of high-dimensional functions in a statistical learning setting, by empirical risk minimization over model classes of functions in tree-based tensor format. These are particular classes of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-15 Erwan Grelier , Anthony Nouy , Mathilde Chevreuil

We study the approximation of multivariate functions with tensor networks (TNs), providing some answers to the following two questions: ``what are the approximation capabilities of TNs for functions from classical smoothness classes?'' and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Mazen Ali , Anthony Nouy

Neural Networks accomplish amazing things, but they suffer from computational and memory bottlenecks that restrict their usage. Nowhere can this be better seen than in the mobile space, where specialized hardware is being created just to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Jon Hoffman

Improvements in the performance of deep neural networks have often come through the design of larger and more complex networks. As a result, fast memory is a significant limiting factor in our ability to improve network performance. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Simon Alford , Ryan Robinett , Lauren Milechin , Jeremy Kepner

This paper concerns the universal approximation property with neural networks in variable Lebesgue spaces. We show that, whenever the exponent function of the space is bounded, every function can be approximated with shallow neural networks…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-09 Ángela Capel , Jesús Ocáriz

Deep neural networks are powerful learning models that achieve state-of-the-art performance on many computer vision, speech, and language processing tasks. In this paper, we study a fundamental question that arises when designing deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-24 Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan , Nina Narodytska , Hongxia Jin

Recent work in Deep Learning has re-imagined the representation of data as functions mapping from a coordinate space to an underlying continuous signal. When such functions are approximated by neural networks this introduces a compelling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-09 Jonathan Richard Schwarz , Yee Whye Teh

We introduce the Sparsity Roofline, a visual performance model for evaluating sparsity in neural networks. The Sparsity Roofline jointly models network accuracy, sparsity, and theoretical inference speedup. Our approach does not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Cameron Shinn , Collin McCarthy , Saurav Muralidharan , Muhammad Osama , John D. Owens