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The Lagrangian formalism is used to derive covariant equations that are suitable for use in continuously distributed matter in curved spacetime. Special attention is given to theoretical representation, in which the Lagrangian and its…

General Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Sergey G. Fedosin

We prove that all mod $p^m$ singular forms of level $N$, degree $n+r$, and $p$-rank $r$ with $n\ge r$ are congruent mod $p^m$ to linear combinations of theta series of degree $r$ attached to quadratic forms of some level. Moreover, we prove…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-02 Siegfried Boecherer , Toshiyuki Kikuta

The geometrical structure known as the Tulczyjew triple has proved to be very useful in describing mechanical systems, even those with singular Lagrangians or subject to constraints. Starting from basic concepts of variational calculus, we…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-30 Katarzyna Grabowska

We put forward the following, physically motivated premise for constructing a theory that underlies the standard model in four-dimensional space-time: The Euler-Lagrange equations of such a theory formally resemble some equations of motion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Marijan Ribaric , Luka Sustersic

Matrices over the ring of formal power series are considered. Normal forms with respect to various sub-groups of the two-sided transformations are constructed. The construction is based on the special property of the action: it induces a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-04 Genrich Belitskii , Dmitry Kerner

Recent developments in the categorical foundations of universal algebra have given fresh impetus to an understanding of the lambda calculus coming from categorical logic: an interpretation is a semi-closed algebraic theory. Scott's…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-22 Martin Hyland

The Lagrange inversion formula for power series is one of the classical formulas from analysis and combinatorics. A nice geometric interpretation of this formula in terms of the Stasheff polytopes was discovered by Loday. We show that it…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Victor M. Buchstaber , Alexander P. Veselov

We give an interpretation of the construction of torsors from preceding work (Bertram, Kinyon: Associative Geometries. I, J. Lie Theory 20) in terms of classical projective geometry. For the Desarguesian case, this leads to a reformulation…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Wolfgang Bertram , Michael Kinyon

The Modular Group provides simple proofs of Fermat's representations: X^2+Y^2 for primes congruent to 1 (mod 4) and by X^2+3Y^2 for primes congruent to 1 (mod 3)

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-22 Robert J Sibner

The modular forms are revisited from a geometric and an algebraic point of view leading to a geometric interpretation of the weak Maass forms connecting them to the Ramanujan Mock Theta functions and to the cusp forms generated from the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-05-16 Christian Pierre

In this paper we establish some new results similar to Lagrange's four-square theorem. For example, we prove that any integer $n>1$ can be written as $w(5w+1)/2+x(5x+1)/2+y(5y+1)/2+z(5z+1)/2$ with $w,x,y,z\in\mathbb Z$. Let $a$ and $b$ be…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-06 Zhi-Wei Sun

In this article, we prove that every integer can be written as an integer combination of exactly 4 tetrahedral numbers. Moreover, we compute the modular periodicity of platonic numbers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-08 Maya Mohsin Ahmed

A complete classification of unimodular valuations on the set of lattice polygons with values in the spaces of polynomials and formal power series, respectively, is established. The valuations are classified in terms of their behaviour with…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Ansgar Freyer , Monika Ludwig , Martin Rubey

Field theoretical models with first order Lagrangean can be formulated in a covariant Hamiltonian formalism. In this article, the geometrical construction of the Gerstenhaber structure that encodes the equations of motion is explained for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Cornelius Paufler

In a four-dimensional space, I shall construct all of the conformally invariant scalar-tensor field theories, which are flat space compatible; i.e., well-defined and differentiable when evaluated for a flat metric tensor and constant scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-16 Gregory W. Horndeski

The lambda-Pi-calculus modulo theory is a logical framework in which many type systems can be expressed as theories. We present such a theory, the theory U, where proofs of several logical systems can be expressed. Moreover, we identify a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Frédéric Blanqui , Gilles Dowek , Emilie Grienenberger , Gabriel Hondet , François Thiré

We give here a new proof of a Tauberian Theorem of complex Laplace transform using the Theory of measure and theory of function with bounded variations. However we deduce the simple proof of Prime Number Theorem.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-03 Lahoucine Elaissaoui

We develop an explicit algebriac de Rham theory for relative completion of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$. This allows the construction of iterated integrals involving modular forms of the second kind, generalizing iterated integrals of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-20 Ma Luo

A formula for the radii and positions of four circles in the plane for an arbitrary linearly independent circle configuration is found. Among special cases is the recent extended Descartes Theorem on the Descartes configuration and an…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-06-07 Jerzy Kocik

We develop the basic theory of projective modules and splitting in the more general setting of systems. Systems provide a common language for most tropical algebraic approaches including supertropical algebra, hyperrings (specifically…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2019-04-16 Jaiung Jun , Kalina Mincheva , Louis Rowen