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The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum algorithm designed for Combinatorial Optimization Problem (COP). We show that if a local algorithm is limited in performance at logarithmic depth for a spin glass type COP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Mark Goh

We consider the power of local algorithms for approximately solving Max $k$XOR, a generalization of two constraint satisfaction problems previously studied with classical and quantum algorithms (MaxCut and Max E3LIN2). In Max $k$XOR each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Kunal Marwaha , Stuart Hadfield

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a general purpose quantum algorithm designed for combinatorial optimization. We analyze its expected performance and prove concentration properties at any constant level (number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Joao Basso , David Gamarnik , Song Mei , Leo Zhou

The ability of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Thorge Müller , Ajainderpal Singh , Frank K. Wilhelm , Tim Bode

In this work we develop theoretical techniques for analysing the performance of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) when applied to random boolean constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), and use these techniques to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Sami Boulebnane , Maria Ciudad-Alañón , Lana Mineh , Ashley Montanaro , Niam Vaishnav

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has become a cornerstone of contemporary quantum applications development. Here we show that the \emph{density} of problem constraints versus problem variables acts as a performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 V. Akshay , H. Philathong , I. Zacharov , J. Biamonte

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can naturally be applied to combinatorial search problems on graphs. The quantum circuit has p applications of a unitary operator that respects the locality of the graph. On a graph with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

The quantum k-Local Hamiltonian problem is a natural generalization of classical constraint satisfaction problems (k-CSP) and is complete for QMA, a quantum analog of NP. Although the complexity of k-Local Hamiltonian problems has been well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Ojas Parekh , Kevin Thompson

We prove concentration bounds for the following classes of quantum states: (i) output states of shallow quantum circuits, answering an open question from [DPMRF22]; (ii) injective matrix product states; (iii) output states of dense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Anurag Anshu , Tony Metger

Quantum algorithms for binary optimization problems have been the subject of extensive study. However, the application of quantum algorithms to integer optimization problems remains comparatively unexplored. In this paper, we study the…

We study fundamental limitations of the generic Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) on constrained problems where valid solutions form a low dimensional manifold inside the Boolean hypercube, and we present a provable route to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Chinonso Onah , Kristel Michielsen

We consider some classical and quantum approximate optimization algorithms with bounded depth. First, we define a class of "local" classical optimization algorithms and show that a single step version of these algorithms can achieve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 M. B. Hastings

We consider constraint satisfaction problems of bounded degree, with a good notion of "typicality", e.g. the negation of the variables in each constraint is taken independently at random. Using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-11 Cedric Yen-Yu Lin , Yechao Zhu

Local Hamiltonian Problems (LHPs) are important problems that are computationally QMA-complete and physically relevant for many-body quantum systems. Quantum MaxCut (QMC), which equates to finding ground states of the quantum Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Ishaan Kannan , Robbie King , Leo Zhou

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising variational quantum algorithm for addressing NP hard combinatorial optimization problems. However, a significant limitation lies in optimizing its classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Peter Gleißner , Georg Kruse , Andreas Roßkopf

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has rapidly become a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithm development. Despite a growing range of applications, only a few results have been developed towards understanding the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 V. Akshay , H. Philathong , M. E. S. Morales , J. Biamonte

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) aims to solve discrete optimization problems by sampling bitstrings using a parameterized quantum circuit. The circuit parameters (angles) are optimized in the way that minimizes the cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 A. Yu. Chernyavskiy , B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

This paper studies the application of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to spin-glass models with random multi-body couplings in the limit of a large number of spins. We show that for such mixed-spin models the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-17 Jahan Claes , Wim van Dam

We consider the maximum cut and maximum independent set problems on random regular graphs in the infinite-size limit, and calculate the energy densities achieved by QAOA for high degrees up to $d=100$. Such an analysis is possible because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Elisabeth Wybo , Martin Leib

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm~(QAOA) first proposed by Farhi et al. promises near-term applications based on its simplicity, universality, and provable optimality. A depth-p QAOA consists of p interleaved unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-30 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Sirui Lu , Isaac L. Chuang
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