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The fluctuation theorem is the fundamental equality in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that is used to derive many important thermodynamic relations, such as the second law of thermodynamics and the Jarzynski equality. Recently, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-16 Yoshihiko Hasegawa , Tan Van Vu

We consider open quantum systems weakly coupled to a heat reservoir and driven by arbitrary time-dependent parameters. We derive exact microscopic expressions for the nonequilibrium entropy production and entropy production rate, valid…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-10-24 Sebastian Deffner , Eric Lutz

The fluctuation theorem is a pivotal result of statistical physics. It quantifies the probability of observing fluctuations which are in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. More specifically, it quantifies the ratio of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-26 M. Belushkin , R. Livi , G. Foffi

Thermodynamics of quantum coherence has attracted growing attention recently, where the thermodynamic advantage of quantum superposition is characterized in terms of quantum thermodynamics. We investigate thermodynamic effects of quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-10-25 Yûto Murashita , Zongping Gong , Yuto Ashida , Masahito Ueda

Fluctuation theorems and the second law of thermodynamics are powerful relations constraining the behavior of out-of-equilibrium systems. While there exist generalizations of these relations to feedback controlled quantum systems, their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Kacper Prech , Patrick P. Potts

Starting from a microscopic system-baths description, we derive the general conditions for a time-local quantum master equation (QME) to satisfy the first and second law of thermodynamics at the fluctuating level. Using counting statistics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-28 Ariane Soret , Vasco Cavina , Massimiliano Esposito

We use quantum estimation theory to derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation in Markovian open quantum systems, which bounds the fluctuation of continuous measurements. The derived quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation holds for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-30 Yoshihiko Hasegawa

We prove the second law of thermodynamics and the nonequilibirum fluctuation theorem for pure quantum states.The entire system obeys reversible unitary dynamics, where the initial state of the heat bath is not the canonical distribution but…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-09-13 Eiki Iyoda , Kazuya Kaneko , Takahiro Sagawa

Fluctuation Theorems are statements about the entropy of systems far from thermal equilibrium. In this Letter relativistic Fluctuation Theorems for Brownian motion are presented and proven. Though there is a known discretization dilemma…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Axel Fingerle

The second law of thermodynamics posits that in closed macroscopic systems the rate of entropy production must be positive. However, small systems can exhibit negative entropy production over short timescales, seemingly in contradiction…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2023-08-08 Rama Sharma , Tapio P. Simula , Andrew J. Groszek

A fundamental principle of chaotic quantum dynamics is that local subsystems eventually approach a thermal equilibrium state. Large subsystems thermalize slower: their approach to equilibrium is limited by the hydrodynamic build-up of…

In the last ten years, a number of ``Conventional Fluctuation Theorems'' have been derived for systems with deterministic or stochastic dynamics, in a transient or in a non-equilibrium stationary state. These theorems gave explicit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. van Zon , E. G. D. Cohen

Any decomposition of the total trajectory entropy production for Markovian systems has a joint probability distribution satisfying a generalized detailed fluctuation theorem, when all the contributing terms are odd with respect to time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-10-26 Reinaldo Garcia-Garcia , Daniel Dominguez , Vivien Lecomte , Alejandro B. Kolton

We derive fluctuation relations for a many-body quantum system prepared in a Generalised Gibbs Ensemble subject to a general nonequilibrium protocol. By considering isolated integrable systems, we find generalisations to the Tasaki-Crooks…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-19 James M. Hickey , Sam Genway

The total entropy production generated by the dynamics of an externally driven systems exchanging energy and matter with multiple reservoirs and described by a master equation is expressed as the sum of three contributions, each…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-03-01 Massimiliano Esposito , Upendra Harbola , Shaul Mukamel

This article traces the development of fluctuation theory and its deep connection to irreversibility, from equilibrium to near-equilibrium, and finally to far-from-equilibrium systems. Classical fluctuation theorems, which capture the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Sounak Bandyopadhyay , Arnab Ghosh

Generalized measurements of an observable performed on a quantum system during a force protocol are investigated and conditions that guarantee the validity of the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation are formulated. In agreement with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-03-14 Gentaro Watanabe , B. Prasanna Venkatesh , Peter Talkner , Michele Campisi , Peter Hänggi

Fluctuation theorems establish exact relations for nonequilibrium dynamics, profoundly advancing the field of stochastic thermodynamics. In this work, we extend quantum fluctuation theorems beyond the traditional thermodynamic framework to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Kun Zhang , Mo-Yang Ni , Hai-Long Shi , Xiao-Hui Wang , Jin Wang

According to the Second Law of thermodynamics, the evolution of physical systems has a preferred direction, that is characterized by some positive entropy production. Here we propose a direct way to measure the stochastic entropy produced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-13 Juliette Monsel , Cyril Elouard , Alexia Auffèves

We provide a rigorous construction of Markovian master equations for a wide class of quantum systems that encompass quadratic models of finite size, linearly coupled to an environment modeled by a set of independent thermal baths. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Antonio D'Abbruzzo , Davide Rossini