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Related papers: Sharding-Based Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols…

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Sharding is a promising technique for addressing the scalability issues of blockchain, and this technique is especially important for IoT, edge, or mobile computing. It divides the $n$ participating nodes into $s$ disjoint groups called…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Miroslav Popovic

This paper introduces BlockReduce, a Proof-of-Work (PoW) based blockchain system which achieves high transaction throughput through a hierarchy of merged mined blockchains, each operating in parallel on a partition the overall application…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Yanni Georghiades , Karl Kreder , Jonathan Downing , Alan Orwick , Sriram Vishwanath

Blockchain sharding is a promising approach to solving the dilemma between decentralisation and high performance (transaction throughput) for blockchain. The main challenge of Blockchain sharding systems is how to reach a decision on a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Yibin Xu , Yangyu Huang , Jianhua Shao , George Theodorakopoulos

As an emerging service framework built by combining cryptography, P2P network, consensus mechanism and innovative contract technology, blockchain has been widely used in digital finance, data sharing, message traceability and electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wenwen Zhou , Dongyang Lyu , Xiaoqi Li

Blockchain protocols differ in fundamental ways, including the mechanics of selecting users to produce blocks (e.g., proof-of-work vs. proof-of-stake) and the method to establish consensus (e.g., longest chain rules vs. Byzantine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Andrew Lewis-Pye , Tim Roughgarden

Blockchain is a novel technology that is rising a lot of interest in the industrial and re- search sectors because its properties of decentralisation, immutability and data integrity. Initially, the underlying consensus mechanism has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Stefano De Angelis

Traditional Blockchain Sharding approaches can only tolerate up to n/3 of nodes being adversary because they rely on the hypergeometric distribution to make a failure (an adversary does not have n/3 of nodes globally but can manipulate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Yibin Xu , Yangyu Huang

Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchains offer promising alternatives to traditional Proof of Work (PoW) systems, providing scalability and energy efficiency. However, blockchains operate in a decentralized manner and the network is composed of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Faisal Haque Bappy , Tariqul Islam , Kamrul Hasan , Md Sajidul Islam Sajid , Mir Mehedi Ahsan Pritom

The blockchain data structure maintained via the longest-chain rule---popularized by Bitcoin---is a powerful algorithmic tool for consensus algorithms. Such algorithms achieve consistency for blocks in the chain as a function of their depth…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Erica Blum , Aggelos Kiayias , Cristopher Moore , Saad Quader , Alexander Russell

Sharding has emerged as a critical solution to address the scalability challenges faced by blockchain networks, enabling them to achieve higher transaction throughput, reduced latency, and optimized resource usage. This paper investigates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ziwei Wang , Cong Wu , Paolo Tasca

Proof of Work (PoW) has extensively served as the foundation of blockchain's security, consistency, and tamper-resistance. However, long has it been criticized for its tremendous and inefficient utilization of computational power and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Weihang Cao , Xintong Ling , Jiaheng Wang , Xiqi Gao , Zhi Ding

Accountability, the ability to provably identify protocol violators, gained prominence as the main economic argument for the security of proof-of-stake (PoS) protocols. Rollups, the most popular scaling solution for blockchains, typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Ertem Nusret Tas , John Adler , Mustafa Al-Bassam , Ismail Khoffi , David Tse , Nima Vaziri

The idea of security sharing goes back to Nakamoto's introduction of merge mining, a technique that enables Bitcoin miners to reuse their hash power to bootstrap and secure other Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains. However, with the rise of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xinshu Dong , Orfeas Stefanos Thyfronitis Litos , Ertem Nusret Tas , David Tse , Robin Linus Woll , Lei Yang , Mingchao Yu

Blockchain protocols implement total-order broadcast in a permissionless setting, where processes can freely join and leave. In such a setting, to safeguard against Sybil attacks, correct processes rely on cryptographic proofs tied to a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Sarah Azouvi , Christian Cachin , Duc V. Le , Marko Vukolic , Luca Zanolini

This paper examines the economic and security implications of Proof-of-Stake (POS) designs, providing a survey of POS design choices and their underlying economic principles in prominent POS-blockchains. The paper argues that…

General Economics · Economics 2024-05-24 Nicolas Oderbolz , Beatrix Marosvölgyi , Matthias Hafner

Bitcoin is the most secure blockchain in the world, supported by the immense hash power of its Proof-of-Work miners. Proof-of-Stake chains are energy-efficient, have fast finality but face several security issues: susceptibility to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ertem Nusret Tas , David Tse , Fangyu Gai , Sreeram Kannan , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali , Fisher Yu

Sharding has emerged as one of the common techniques to address the scalability problems of blockchain systems. To this end, various sharding techniques for blockchain systems have been proposed in the literature. When sharded blockchains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Narasimha Raghavan Veeraragavan , Kaiwen Zhang

Sharding is a technique to speed up transaction processing in blockchains, where the $n$ processing nodes in the blockchain are divided into $s$ disjoint groups (shards) that can process transactions in parallel. We study dynamic scheduling…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Miroslav Popovic

Sharding is used to improve the scalability and performance of blockchain systems. We investigate the stability of blockchain sharding, where transactions are continuously generated by an adversarial model. The system consists of $n$…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Dariusz R. Kowalski

Security analysis of blockchain technology is an active domain of research. There has been both cryptographic and game-theoretic security analysis of Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains. Prominent work includes the cryptographic security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-01 Varul Srivastava , Sujit Gujar