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Automatic metrics are extensively used to evaluate natural language processing systems. However, there has been increasing focus on how they are used and reported by practitioners within the field. In this paper, we have conducted a survey…

Automated fact-checking has been a challenging task for the research community. Prior work has explored various strategies, such as end-to-end training, retrieval-augmented generation, and prompt engineering, to build robust fact-checking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Gaurav Kumar , Ayush Garg , Debajyoti Mazumder , Aditya Kishore , Babu kumar , Jasabanta Patro

Automated decision systems are increasingly used to take consequential decisions in problems such as job hiring and loan granting with the hope of replacing subjective human decisions with objective machine learning (ML) algorithms.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Guilherme Alves , Fabien Bernier , Miguel Couceiro , Karima Makhlouf , Catuscia Palamidessi , Sami Zhioua

Access to high-quality education at scale is limited by the difficulty of providing student feedback on open-ended assignments in structured domains like computer programming, graphics, and short response questions. This problem has proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Ali Malik , Mike Wu , Vrinda Vasavada , Jinpeng Song , Madison Coots , John Mitchell , Noah Goodman , Chris Piech

A prominent weakness of modern language models (LMs) is their tendency to generate factually incorrect text, which hinders their usability. A natural question is whether such factual errors can be detected automatically. Inspired by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Roi Cohen , May Hamri , Mor Geva , Amir Globerson

Automatic detection of fake news is a highly important task in the contemporary world. This study reports the 2nd shared task called UrduFake@FIRE2021 on identifying fake news detection in Urdu. The goal of the shared task is to motivate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Maaz Amjad , Sabur Butt , Hamza Imam Amjad , Alisa Zhila , Grigori Sidorov , Alexander Gelbukh

Despite significant progress in text generation models, a serious limitation is their tendency to produce text that is factually inconsistent with information in the input. Recent work has studied whether textual entailment systems can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tanya Goyal , Greg Durrett

As online false information continues to grow, automated fact-checking has gained an increasing amount of attention in recent years. Researchers in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) have contributed to the task by building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Xia Zeng , Amani S. Abumansour , Arkaitz Zubiaga

Automatic methods and metrics that assess various quality criteria of automatically generated texts are important for developing NLG systems because they produce repeatable results and allow for a fast development cycle. We present here an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Erion Çano , Ondřej Bojar

Text style transfer (TST) is the task of transforming a text to reflect a particular style while preserving its original content. Evaluating TST outputs is a multidimensional challenge, requiring the assessment of style transfer accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Sourabrata Mukherjee , Atul Kr. Ojha , John P. McCrae , Ondrej Dusek

Natural language generation (NLG) systems are computer software systems that produce texts in English and other human languages, often from non-linguistic input data. NLG systems, like most AI systems, need substantial amounts of knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-06-28 E. Reiter , R. Robertson , S. G. Sripada

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Assessing performance in Natural Language Processing is becoming increasingly complex. One particular challenge is the potential for evaluation datasets to overlap with training data, either directly or indirectly, which can lead to skewed…

Fake news detection is a critical yet challenging problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP). The rapid rise of social networking platforms has not only yielded a vast increase in information accessibility but has also accelerated the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Ray Oshikawa , Jing Qian , William Yang Wang

The goal of translation, be it by human or by machine, is, given some text in a source language, to produce text in a target language that simultaneously 1) preserves the meaning of the source text and 2) achieves natural expression in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Gergely Flamich , David Vilar , Jan-Thorsten Peter , Markus Freitag

This paper describes the SemEval--2016 Task 3 on Community Question Answering, which we offered in English and Arabic. For English, we had three subtasks: Question--Comment Similarity (subtask A), Question--Question Similarity (B), and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Preslav Nakov , Lluís Màrquez , Alessandro Moschitti , Walid Magdy , Hamdy Mubarak , Abed Alhakim Freihat , James Glass , Bilal Randeree

We share the findings of the first shared task on improving robustness of Machine Translation (MT). The task provides a testbed representing challenges facing MT models deployed in the real world, and facilitates new approaches to improve…

Distributed representation plays an important role in deep learning based natural language processing. However, the representation of a sentence often varies in different tasks, which is usually learned from scratch and suffers from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Renjie Zheng , Junkun Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Due to the exponential growth of information and the need for efficient information consumption the task of summarization has gained paramount importance. Evaluating summarization accurately and objectively presents significant challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Dong Yuan , Eti Rastogi , Fen Zhao , Sagar Goyal , Gautam Naik , Sree Prasanna Rajagopal

Correcting students' multiple-choice answers is a repetitive and mechanical task that can be considered an image multi-classification task. Assuming possible options are 'abcd' and the correct option is one of the four, some students may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-13 JiaJun Zhu , Zichuan Yang , Binjie Hong , Jiacheng Song , Jiwei Wang , Tianhao Chen , Shuilan Yang , Zixun Lan , Fei Ma
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