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The analysis of the adaptive behaviour of many different kinds of systems such as humans, animals and machines, requires more general ways of assessing their cognitive abilities. This need is strengthened by increasingly more tasks being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-05-10 David L. Dowe , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

The informational synthesis of neural structures, processes, parameters and characteristics that allow a unified description and modeling as neural machines of natural and artificial neural systems is presented. The general informational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Iosif Iulian Petrila

The consciousness standing for artificial intelligence divides opinions across epistemological positions. Whether or not machines can be conscious, and whether we can ascertain the truth of such a proposition for any given case, has…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-06 Warisa Sritriratanarak , Paulo Garcia

One of the biggest challenges that artificial intelligence (AI) research is facing in recent times is to develop algorithms and systems that are not only good at performing a specific intelligent task but also good at learning a very…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Kushal Shah

The immune system is a cognitive system of complexity comparable to the brain and its computational algorithms suggest new solutions to engineering problems or new ways of looking at these problems. Using immunological principles, a two (or…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 P. J. Costa Branco , J. A. Dente , R. Vilela Mendes

Nature can be seen as informational structure with computational dynamics (info-computationalism), where an (info-computational) agent is needed for the potential information of the world to actualize. Starting from the definition of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-11-05 Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic

Recent concern about harms of information technologies motivate consideration of regulatory action to forestall or constrain certain developments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). However, definitional ambiguity hampers the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-25 P. M. Krafft , Meg Young , Michael Katell , Karen Huang , Ghislain Bugingo

Whether the machine intelligence can surpass the human intelligence is a controversial issue. On the basis of traditional IQ, this article presents the Universal IQ test method suitable for both the machine intelligence and the human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Feng Liu , Yong Shi

Artificial intelligence is one of the drivers of modern technological development. The current approach to the development of intelligent systems is data-centric. It has several limitations: it is fundamentally impossible to collect data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Kirill Krinkin , Yulia Shichkina , Andrey Ignatyev

The biological immune system is a robust, complex, adaptive system that defends the body from foreign pathogens. It is able to categorize all cells (or molecules) within the body as self-cells or non-self cells. It does this with the help…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-07-05 Uwe Aickelin , Dipankar Dasgupta

A plausible definition of "reasoning" could be "algebraically manipulating previously acquired knowledge in order to answer a new question". This definition covers first-order logical inference or probabilistic inference. It also includes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-14 Leon Bottou

Machines are being increasingly used in decision-making processes, resulting in the realization that decisions need explanations. Unfortunately, an increasing number of these deployed models are of a 'black-box' nature where the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Sopam Dasgupta

The increasing interest in understanding the behavior of the biological neural networks, and the increasing utilization of artificial neural networks in different fields and scales, both require a thorough understanding of how neuromorphic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-12 János Végh , Ádám J. Berki

Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly shows its potential to outperform predicate logic algorithms and human control alike. In automatically deriving a system model, AI algorithms learn relations in data that are not detectable for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Simon Daniel Duque Anton , Daniel Schneider , Hans Dieter Schotten

Information technology is in the midst of a revolution in which omnipresent data collection and machine learning are impacting the human world as never before. The word ``intelligence'' is being used as a North Star for the development of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Michael I. Jordan

In this paper, the main aim is to exhibit swarm intelligence power in cloud based scenario. Heterogeneous environment has been configured at server-side network of the whole cloud network. In the proposed system, different types of servers…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-03-08 Anirban Kundu , Chunlin Ji

To engineer AGI, we should first capture the essence of intelligence in a species-agnostic form that can be evaluated, while being sufficiently general to encompass diverse paradigms of intelligent behavior, including reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Kei-Sing Ng

We need much better understanding of information processing and computation as its primary form. Future progress of new computational devices capable of dealing with problems of big data, internet of things, semantic web, cognitive robotics…

General Literature · Computer Science 2013-12-10 Mark Burgin , Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic

To learn how cognition is implemented in the brain, we must build computational models that can perform cognitive tasks, and test such models with brain and behavioral experiments. Cognitive science has developed computational models of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-01 Nikolaus Kriegeskorte , Pamela K. Douglas

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the name popularly given to a broad spectrum of computer tools designed to perform increasingly complex cognitive tasks, including many that used to solely be the province of humans. As these tools become…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Tanya Klowden , Terence Tao