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This article studies the intimate relationship between two filtering algorithms for continuous data assimilation, the synchronization filter and the nudging filter, in the paradigmatic context of the two-dimensional (2D) Navier-Stokes…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Elizabeth Carlson , Aseel Farhat , Vincent R. Martinez , Collin Victor

We consider fully discrete numerical schemes for a downscaling data assimilation algorithm aimed at approximating the velocity field of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations corresponding to given coarse mesh observational measurements. The time…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-07 Hussain A. Ibdah , Cecilia F. Mondaini , Edriss S. Titi

The present work provides a systematic approach for the design of sampled-data observers to a wide class of 1-D, parabolic PDEs with non-local outputs. The studied class of parabolic PDEs allows the presence of globally Lipschitz nonlinear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Iasson Karafyllis , Tarek Ahmed-Ali , Fouad Giri

We introduce a localized version of the nudging data assimilation algorithm for the periodic 2D Navier-Stokes equations in which observations are confined (i.e., localized) to a window that moves across the entire domain along a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Animikh Biswas , Zachary Bradshaw , Michael Jolly

We introduce, analyze and test a new interpolation operator for use with continuous data assimilation (DA) of evolution equations that are discretized spatially with the finite element method. The interpolant is constructed as an…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Leo G. Rebholz , Camille Zerfas

We develop, analyze, and test an approximate, global data assimilation/synchronization algorithm based on purely local observations for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations on the torus. We prove that, for any error threshold, if the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Animikh Biswas , Zachary Bradshaw , Michael S. Jolly

Consider a continuous dynamical system for which partial information about its current state is observed at a sequence of discrete times. Discrete data assimilation inserts these observational measurements of the reference dynamical system…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-05-20 Kevin Hayden , Eric Olson , Edriss S. Titi

In the companion paper of the authors, a general synchronization framework was developed in the paradigmatic context of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations that allows one to precisely study the relation between the determining modes property of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Elizabeth Carlson , Aseel Farhat , Vincent R. Martinez , Collin Victor

Sparse sensor networks in weather and ocean modeling observe only a small fraction of the system state, which destabilizes standard nudging-based data assimilation. We introduce Interpolated Discrepancy Data Assimilation (IDDA), which…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Tong Wu , Humberto Godinez , Vitaliy Gyrya , James M. Hyman

We revisit and sharpen a recent observable regularity criterion for the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations on the periodic cube by requiring only finitely many measurements of the flow on a given time interval. Two data models are…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Abhishek Balakrishna , Animikh Biswas

Data assimilation methodologies are designed to incorporate noisy observations of a physical system into an underlying model in order to infer the properties of the state of the system. Filters refer to a class of data assimilation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-10-13 C. E. A. Brett , K. F. Lam , K. J. H. Law , D. S. McCormick , M. R. Scott , A. M. Stuart

This paper studies a coupled two-dimensional Navier--Stokes--Cahn--Hilliard phase-field model augmented by a transported auxiliary field, and develops a continuous data assimilation (CDA) framework for recovering its trajectories from…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Tianyu Sun

Adaptive moving spatial meshes are useful for solving physical models given by time-dependent partial differentialequations. However, special consideration must be given when combining adaptive meshing procedures with ensemble-based data…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Cassidy Krause , Weizhang Huang , David B Mechem , Erik S Van Vleck , Min Zhang

Adaptive spatial meshing has proven invaluable for the accurate, efficient computation of solutions of time dependent partial differential equations. In a DA context the use of adaptive spatial meshes addresses several factors that place…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Jeremiah Buenger , Weizhang Huang , Erik Van Vleck

Data assimilation plays a crucial role in modern weather prediction, providing a systematic way to incorporate observational data into complex dynamical models. The paper addresses continuous data assimilation for a model arising as a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Eduard Feireisl , Piotr Gwiazda , Agnieszka Świerczewska-Gwiazda

Continuous data assimilation addresses time-dependent problems with unknown initial conditions by incorporating observations of the solution into a nudging term. For the prototypical heat equation with variable conductivity and the Neumann…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Vladimir Yushutin

This work is concerned with the formulation of a general framework for the analysis of meshfree approximation schemes and with the convergence analysis of the Local Maximum-Entropy (LME) scheme as a particular example. We provide conditions…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2011-08-01 Agustin Bompadre , Bernd Schmidt , Michael Ortiz

In this paper we consider fully discrete approximations with inf-sup stable mixed finite element methods in space to approximate the Navier-Stokes equations. A continuous downscaling data assimilation algorithm is analyzed in which…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-15 Bosco García-Archilla , Julia Novo

Data assimilation is uniquely challenging in weather forecasting due to the high dimensionality of the employed models and the nonlinearity of the governing equations. Although current operational schemes are used successfully, our…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Lea Oljača , Jochen Bröcker , Tobias Kuna

We rigorously prove the well-posedness of the formal sensitivity equations with respect to the Reynolds number corresponding to the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Moreover, we do so by showing a sequence of difference quotients…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-07-07 Adam Larios , Elizabeth Carlson