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We propose a new finetuning method to provide pre-trained large language models (LMs) the ability to scale test-time compute through the diffusion framework. By increasing the number of diffusion steps, we show our finetuned models achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Previous work on Universal Transformers (UTs) has demonstrated the importance of parameter sharing across layers. By allowing recurrence in depth, UTs have advantages over standard Transformers in learning compositional generalizations, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Róbert Csordás , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Christopher Potts , Christopher D. Manning

Modern foundation models such as large language models (LLMs) and large multi-modal models (LMMs) require a massive amount of computational and memory resources. We propose a new framework to convert such LLMs/LMMs into a reduced-dimension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu , Wang , Matthew Brand

Large language models (LLMs) enabled dialogue systems have become one of the central modes in human-machine interaction, which bring about vast amounts of conversation logs and increasing demand for dialogue generation. The dialogue's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Minzheng Wang , Xinghua Zhang , Kun Chen , Nan Xu , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Wenji Mao , Yongbin Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Despite speaker verification has achieved significant performance improvement with the development of deep neural networks, domain mismatch is still a challenging problem in this field. In this study, we propose a novel framework to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-24 Mufan Sang , Wei Xia , John H. L. Hansen

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned for specific domains exhibit strong performance; however, the underlying mechanisms by which this fine-tuning reshapes their parametric space are not well understood. Prior works primarily focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Eshaan Tanwar , Deepak Nathani , William Yang Wang , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools with the potential to benefit society immensely, yet, they have demonstrated biases that perpetuate societal inequalities. Despite significant advancements in bias mitigation techniques using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Deonna M. Owens , Ryan A. Rossi , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Franck Dernoncourt , Xiang Chen , Ruiyi Zhang , Jiuxiang Gu , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Nedim Lipka

Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) are widely used in NLP for various tasks. Recent studies have identified various biases that such models exhibit and have proposed methods to correct these biases. However, most of the works address a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Prachi Jain , Ashutosh Sathe , Varun Gumma , Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram

The need for emotional inference from text continues to diversify as more and more disciplines integrate emotions into their theories and applications. These needs include inferring different emotion types, handling multiple languages, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Georgios Chochlakis , Gireesh Mahajan , Sabyasachee Baruah , Keith Burghardt , Kristina Lerman , Shrikanth Narayanan

In this work we explore Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) of pretrained language models for downstream tasks. We introduce UDALM, a fine-tuning procedure, using a mixed classification and Masked Language Model loss, that can adapt to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Constantinos Karouzos , Georgios Paraskevopoulos , Alexandros Potamianos

While recent large language models (LLMs) improve on various question answering (QA) datasets, it remains difficult for a single model to generalize across question types that require distinct reasoning abilities. We provide empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Chenglei Si , Weijia Shi , Chen Zhao , Luke Zettlemoyer , Jordan Boyd-Graber

Contextual word embeddings obtained from pre-trained language model (PLM) have proven effective for various natural language processing tasks at the word level. However, interpreting the hidden aspects within embeddings, such as syntax and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Nayoung Choi

This paper narrows the performance gap between small, specialized models and significantly larger general-purpose models through domain adaptation via continual pre-training and merging. We address the scarcity of specialized non-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Niclas Doll , Jasper Schulze Buschhoff , Shalaka Satheesh , Hammam Abdelwahab , Héctor Allende-Cid , Katrin Klug

Deep Learning (DL) models proved themselves to perform extremely well on a wide variety of learning tasks, as they can learn useful patterns from large data sets. However, purely data-driven models might struggle when very difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Andrea Borghesi , Federico Baldo , Michela Milano

We present Branch-Train-Merge (BTM), a communication-efficient algorithm for embarrassingly parallel training of large language models (LLMs). We show it is possible to independently train subparts of a new class of LLMs on different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Margaret Li , Suchin Gururangan , Tim Dettmers , Mike Lewis , Tim Althoff , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

We investigate recently introduced domain-class incremental learning scenarios for vision-language models (VLMs). Recent works address this challenge using parameter-efficient methods, such as prefix-tuning or adapters, which facilitate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hyeonseo Jang , Hyuk Kwon , Kibok Lee

Conventional research on large language models (LLMs) has primarily focused on refining output distributions, while paying less attention to the decoding process that transforms these distributions into final responses. Recent advances,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chenheng Zhang , Tianqi Du , Jizhe Zhang , Mingqing Xiao , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang , Zhouchen Lin

Language models can be augmented with a context retriever to incorporate knowledge from large external databases. By leveraging retrieved context, the neural network does not have to memorize the massive amount of world knowledge within its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Zonglin Li , Ruiqi Guo , Sanjiv Kumar