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The one of the most interesting problem of discrete mathematics is the SAT (satisfiability) problem. Good way in SAT solver developing is to transform the SAT problem to the problem of continuous search of global minimums of the functional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-07-13 R. T. Faizullin , I. G. Khnykin , V. I. Dylkeyt

We propose a symbolic execution method for analyzing the safety of software under fault attacks both accurately and efficiently. Fault attacks leverage physically injected hardware faults in an embedded system to break the safety of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yuzhou Fang , Chenyu Zhou , Jingbo Wang , Chao Wang

Reactive synthesis supports designers by automatically constructing correct hardware from declarative specifications. Synthesis algorithms usually compute a strategy, and then construct a circuit that implements it. In this work, we study…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Roderick Bloem , Uwe Egly , Patrick Klampfl , Robert Koenighofer , Florian Lonsing

Commonly used proof strategies by automated reasoners organise proof search either by ordering-based saturation or by reducing goals to subgoals. In this paper, we combine these two approaches and advocate a SAT-based method with symmetry…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Clemens Eisenhofer , Michael Rawson , Laura Kovács

Logic obfuscation is introduced as a pivotal defense against multiple hardware threats on Integrated Circuits (ICs), including reverse engineering (RE) and intellectual property (IP) theft. The effectiveness of logic obfuscation is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Rakibul Hassan , Gaurav Kolhe , Setareh Rafatirad , Houman Homayoun , Sai Manoj Pudukotai Dinakarrao

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to solve the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem, using noise-based logic (NBL). Contrary to what the name may suggest, NBL is not a random/fuzzy logic system. In fact, it is a completely…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-05 Pey-Chang Kent Lin , Ayan Mandal , Sunil P Khatri

This paper introduces SATformer, a novel Transformer-based approach for the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem. Rather than solving the problem directly, SATformer approaches the problem from the opposite direction by focusing on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Zhengyuan Shi , Min Li , Yi Liu , Sadaf Khan , Junhua Huang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Qiang Xu

This paper describes SatIn, a hardware accelerator for determining boolean satisfiability (SAT) -- an important problem in many domains including verification, security analysis, and planning. SatIn is based on a distributed associative…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Chenzhuo Zhu , Alexander C. Rucker , Yawen Wang , William J. Dally

Formal verification of power side-channel leakage and its countermeasures in cryptographic algorithms is challenging, as SAT-based methods fail to scale on XOR-heavy, time-unrolled cryptographic circuits with realistic leakage models. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Walid El Maouaki , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

In this work, we introduce a novel GPU-accelerated circuit satisfiability (CircuitSAT) sampling technique for sequential circuits. This work is motivated by the requirement in constrained random verification (CRV) to generate input stimuli…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Arash Ardakani , Kevin He , John Wawrzynek

Detecting weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms is of utmost importance for designing secure information systems. The state-of-the-art soft analytical side-channel attack (SASCA) uses physical leakage information to make probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Thomas Wedenig , Rishub Nagpal , Gaëtan Cassiers , Stefan Mangard , Robert Peharz

Traditional pattern mining algorithms generally suffer from a lack of flexibility. In this paper, we propose a SAT formulation of the problem to successfully mine frequent flexible sequences occurring in transactional datasets. Our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-04 Rémi Coletta , Benjamin Negrevergne

Large language models (LLMs) employ safety mechanisms to prevent harmful outputs, yet these defenses primarily rely on semantic pattern matching. We show that encoding harmful prompts as coherent mathematical problems -- using formalisms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Haoyu Zhang , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

In this paper, we introduce SCRAMBLE, as a novel logic locking solution for sequential circuits while the access to the scan chain is restricted. The SCRAMBLE could be used to lock an FSM by hiding its state transition graph (STG) among a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Hadi Mardani Kamali , Kimia Zamiri Azar , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

In this work, we present a novel technique for GPU-accelerated Boolean satisfiability (SAT) sampling. Unlike conventional sampling algorithms that directly operate on conjunctive normal form (CNF), our method transforms the logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Arash Ardakani , Minwoo Kang , Kevin He , Qijing Huang , John Wawrzynek

This paper introduces SATFuL, a SAT solver for fuzzy logics. In contrast to the Boolean case, for which numerous SAT solvers exist, the SAT problem for fuzzy logics has attracted less attention, even though these tools have interesting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Pablo F. Castro

This paper describes diff-SAT, an Answer Set and SAT solver which combines regular solving with the capability to use probabilistic clauses, facts and rules, and to sample an optimal world-view (multiset of satisfying Boolean variable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Matthias Nickles

Logic Locking is a well-accepted protection technique to enable trust in the outsourced design and fabrication processes of integrated circuits (ICs) where the original design is modified by incorporating additional key gates in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Ayush Jain , Tanjidur Rahman , Ujjwal Guin

In this paper, we claim that cyclic obfuscation, when properly implemented, poses exponential complexity on SAT or CycSAT attack. The CycSAT, in order to generate the necessary cycle avoidance clauses, uses a pre-processing step. We show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Shervin Roshanisefat , Hadi Mardani Kamali , Avesta Sasan

Satisfiability (SAT) is a central problem in computer science, and advances in SAT-solving algorithms have a far-reaching impact across many fields. Recent works have proposed quantum SAT solvers based on Grover's algorithm, a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Shang-Wei Lin , Ji-Qing Yan , Yean-Ru Chen , Zhe Hou , David Sanán