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In recent years, quantum computing (QC) has been getting a lot of attention from industry and academia. Especially, among various QC research topics, variational quantum circuit (VQC) enables quantum deep reinforcement learning (QRL). Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Won Joon Yun , Yunseok Kwak , Jae Pyoung Kim , Hyunhee Cho , Soyi Jung , Jihong Park , Joongheon Kim

The development of quantum computers has been the stimulus that enables the realization of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), an area that integrates the calculational framework of quantum mechanics with the adaptive properties of classical…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Bhavna Bose , Saurav Verma

Quantum machine learning (QML) is rapidly transitioning from theoretical promise to practical relevance across data-intensive scientific domains. In this Review, we provide a structured overview of recent advances that bridge foundational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Vinit Singh , Amandeep Singh Bhatia , Mandeep Kaur Saggi , Manas Sajjan , Sabre Kais

Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL) offers potential advantages over classical Reinforcement Learning, such as compact state space representation and faster convergence in certain scenarios. However, practical benefits require further…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-05 Michael Kölle , Daniel Seidl , Maximilian Zorn , Philipp Altmann , Jonas Stein , Thomas Gabor

Quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) models augment classical reinforcement learning schemes with quantum-enhanced kernels. Different proposals on how to construct such models empirically show a promising performance. In particular, these…

Quantum computing has garnered significant attention in recent years from both academia and industry due to its potential to achieve a "quantum advantage" over classical computers. The advent of quantum computing introduces new challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-09 Zhengping Jay Luo , Tyler Stewart , Mourya Narasareddygari , Rui Duan , Shangqing Zhao

Quantum machine learning (QML) is promising for potential speedups and improvements in conventional machine learning (ML) tasks (e.g., classification/regression). The search for ideal QML models is an active research field. This includes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-07 Mahabubul Alam , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) offers a new paradigm for addressing complex financial problems intractable for classical methods. This work specifically tackles the challenge of few-shot credit risk assessment, a critical issue in inclusive…

Several proposals have been recently introduced to implement Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms for the analysis of classical data sets employing variational learning means. There has been, however, a limited amount of work on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-04 Francesco Scala , Stefano Mangini , Chiara Macchiavello , Daniele Bajoni , Dario Gerace

Quantum Machine Learning represents a paradigm shift at the intersection of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning, leveraging quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum parallelism to address the limitations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Sahil Tomar , Rajeshwar Tripathi , Sandeep Kumar

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged as a promising intersection of quantum computing and classical machine learning, anticipated to drive breakthroughs in computational tasks. This paper discusses the question which security concerns…

Quantum machine learning (QML) requires significant quantum resources to address practical real-world problems. When the underlying quantum information exhibits hierarchical structures in the data, limitations persist in training complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Quoc Hoan Tran , Yasuhiro Endo , Hirotaka Oshima

Quantum policy evaluation (QPE) is a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm which is quadratically more efficient than an analogous classical Monte Carlo estimation. It makes use of a direct quantum mechanical realization of a finite Markov…

Optimizing quantum circuits is challenging due to the very large search space of functionally equivalent circuits and the necessity of applying transformations that temporarily decrease performance to achieve a final performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-20 Zikun Li , Jinjun Peng , Yixuan Mei , Sina Lin , Yi Wu , Oded Padon , Zhihao Jia

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a principled framework for decision-making in partially observable environments, which can be modeled as Markov decision processes and compactly represented through dynamic decision Bayesian networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Gilberto Cunha , Alexandra Ramôa , André Sequeira , Michael de Oliveira , Luís Barbosa

Due to the superiority and noteworthy progress of Quantum Computing (QC) in a lot of applications such as cryptography, chemistry, Big data, machine learning, optimization, Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, communication, and many more.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Zainab Abohashima , Mohamed Elhosen , Essam H. Houssein , Waleed M. Mohamed

Quantum reinforcement learning is an emerging field at the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning. While we intend to provide a broad overview of the literature on quantum reinforcement learning - our interpretation of this…

As medium-scale quantum computers progress, the application of quantum algorithms across diverse fields like simulating physical systems, chemistry, optimization, and cryptography becomes more prevalent. However, these quantum computers,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Purnachandra Mandadapu

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) integrates quantum computational principles into learning algorithms, offering improved representational capacity and computational efficiency. However, the security and robustness of QML systems remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Saeefa Rubaiyet Nowmi , Jesus Lopez , Md Mahmudul Alam Imon , Shahrooz Pouryousef , Mohammad Saidur Rahman

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) integrates quantum computing with classical machine learning, primarily to solve classification, regression and generative tasks. However, its rapid development raises critical security challenges in the Noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Archisman Ghosh , Satwik Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh