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Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a well-established method to generate a data-driven approximation of the Koopman operator for analysis and prediction of nonlinear dynamical systems. Recently, kernel EDMD (kEDMD) has gained…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Frederik Köhne , Friedrich M. Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Anton Schiela , Karl Worthmann

Nonlinear coupled systems are ubiquitous in science and engineering. The analysis and modeling of such systems is challenging due to their high dimensionality and complex interactions among subsystems. In recent years, operator-theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tatsuya Naoi , Jun Ohkubo

The Koopman operator is a linear but infinite dimensional operator that governs the evolution of scalar observables defined on the state space of an autonomous dynamical system, and is a powerful tool for the analysis and decomposition of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Matthew O. Williams , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Clarence W. Rowley

We develop a novel EDMD-type algorithm that captures the spectrum of the Koopman operator defined on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space of analytic functions. This method, which we call analytic EDMD, relies on an orthogonal projection on…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Alexandre Mauroy , Igor Mezic

The Koopman operator is beneficial for analyzing nonlinear and stochastic dynamics; it is linear but infinite-dimensional, and it governs the evolution of observables. The extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is one of the famous…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-18 Jun Ohkubo

We develop a new generalization of Koopman operator theory that incorporates the effects of inputs and control. Koopman spectral analysis is a theoretical tool for the analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems. Moreover, Koopman is intimately…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-25 Joshua L. Proctor , Steven L. Brunton , J. Nathan Kutz

This paper develops data-driven methods to identify eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator associated to a dynamical system and subspaces that are invariant under the operator. We build on Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD), a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-26 Masih Haseli , Jorge Cortés

The analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems based on the Koopman operator is attracting attention in various applications. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven algorithm for Koopman spectral analysis, and several variants with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara , Takehisa Yairi

We introduce the Rigged Dynamic Mode Decomposition (Rigged DMD) algorithm, which computes generalized eigenfunction decompositions of Koopman operators. By considering the evolution of observables, Koopman operators transform complex…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Matthew J. Colbrook , Catherine Drysdale , Andrew Horning

This paper explores the integration of symmetries into the Koopman-operator framework for the analysis and efficient learning of equivariant dynamical systems using a group-convolutional approach. Approximating the Koopman operator by…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Hans Harder , Feliks Nüske , Friedrich M. Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Sebastian Peitz

Koopman operators are infinite-dimensional operators that linearize nonlinear dynamical systems, facilitating the study of their spectral properties and enabling the prediction of the time evolution of observable quantities. Recent methods…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Nicolas Boullé , Matthew J. Colbrook

In this paper, we provide an algorithm for online computation of Koopman operator in real-time using streaming data. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in data-driven analysis of dynamical systems, with operator theoretic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-30 Subhrajit Sinha , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Enoch Yeung

Understanding nonlinear dynamical systems (NLDSs) is challenging in a variety of engineering and scientific fields. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), which is a numerical algorithm for the spectral analysis of Koopman operators, has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-10 Keisuke Fujii , Yoshinobu Kawahara

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven technique used for capturing the dynamics of complex systems. DMD has been connected to spectral analysis of the Koopman operator, and essentially extracts spatial-temporal modes of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Byron Heersink , Michael A. Warren , Heiko Hoffmann

This paper presents a novel learning framework to construct Koopman eigenfunctions for unknown, nonlinear dynamics using data gathered from experiments. The learning framework can extract spectral information from the full nonlinear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-19 Carl Folkestad , Daniel Pastor , Igor Mezic , Ryan Mohr , Maria Fonoberova , Joel Burdick

In this work, we explore finite-dimensional linear representations of nonlinear dynamical systems by restricting the Koopman operator to an invariant subspace. The Koopman operator is an infinite-dimensional linear operator that evolves…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Steven L. Brunton , Bingni W. Brunton , Joshua L. Proctor , J. Nathan Kutz

Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a data-driven algorithm for approximating spectral data of the Koopman operator associated to a dynamical system, combining a Galerkin method of order N and collocation method of order M.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-04-15 Elliz Akindji , Julia Slipantschuk , Oscar F. Bandtlow , Wolfram Just

Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a popular data-driven method to approximate the Koopman operator for deterministic and stochastic (control) systems. This operator is linear and encompasses full information on the (expected…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Friedrich Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Sebastian Peitz , Feliks Nüske

Extracting the latent underlying structures of complex nonlinear local and nonlocal flows is essential for their analysis and modeling. In this work, we attempt to provide a consistent framework through Koopman theory and its related…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-12-23 Ido Cohen , Guy Gilboa

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven method of extracting spatial-temporal coherent modes from complex systems and providing an equation-free architecture to model and predict systems. However, in practical applications, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Ningxin Liu , Shuigen Liu , Xin T. Tong , Lijian Jiang