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We construct a proof of the second law of thermodynamics in an arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity working within the approximation of linearized dynamical fluctuations around stationary black holes. We achieve this by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-05 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Prateksh Dhivakar , Anirban Dinda , Nilay Kundu , Milan Patra , Shuvayu Roy

The generalized second law states the total entropy of any closed system as the universe cannot decrease if we include black hole entropy. From the point of view of an asymptotic observer, a black hole can be described at late time as an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-24 Antoine Rignon-Bret

Recently Hollands, Wald and Zhang proposed a new formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole for an arbitrary theory of gravity obtained from a diffeomorphism covariant Lagrangian via the Noether charge method. We present an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-07 Delong Kong , Yu Tian , Hongbao Zhang , Jinan Zhao

Employing the covariant phase space formalism, we discuss black hole thermodynamics in four-dimensional scalar-tensor Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We argue that logarithmic corrections to Wald entropy previously reported in this theory do…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-29 Marek Liška , Robie A. Hennigar , David Kubizňák

We explore the thermodynamic and entanglement properties of dynamical black holes based on the recently proposed dynamical black hole entropy by Hollands-Wald-Zhang. We first provide direct proof that, under first-order perturbations, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-20 Weizhen Jia , Qiongyu Qi , Christina Gao

A possible source of black hole entropy could be the entanglement of quantum fields in and out the horizon. The entanglement entropy of the ground state obeys the area law. However, a correction term proportional to a fractional power of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-22 Ahmad Sheykhi , Seyed Hossein Hendi

We point out that the entropies of black holes in general diffeomorphism invariant theories, computed using the Kerr-CFT correspondence and the Wald formula (as implemented in the entropy function formalism), need not always agree. A simple…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Chethan Krishnan , Stanislav Kuperstein

We calculate the net change in generalized entropy occurring when one carries out the gedanken experiment in which a box initially containing energy $E$, entropy $S$ and charge $Q$ is lowered adiabatically toward a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Takeshi Shimomura , Shinji Mukohyama

The Noether charge associated to diffeomorphism invariance in teleparallel gravity is derived. It is shown that the latter yields the ADM mass of an asymptotically flat spacetime. The black hole entropy is then investigated based on Wald's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-08 F. Hammad , D. Dijamco , A. Torres-Rivas , D. Bérubé

The area law obeyed by the thermodynamic entropy of black holes is one of the fundamental results relating gravity to statistical mechanics. In this work we provide a derivation of the area law for the quantum relative entropy of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-08 Ginestra Bianconi

We calculate quantum gravitational corrections to the entropy of black holes using the Wald entropy formula within an effective field theory approach to quantum gravity. The corrections to the entropy are calculated to second order in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-22 Xavier Calmet , Folkert Kuipers

If simple entropy in the Bekenstein-Hawking area law for a Schwarzschild black hole is replaced with 'negative' quantum conditional entropy, which quantifies quantum entanglement, of positive-energy particles of the black hole relative to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-04 Koji Azuma , Go Kato

In this article we consider the second law of black holes (and other causal horizons) in theories where the gravitational action is an arbitrary function of the Lovelock densities. We show that there exists an entropy which increases…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-21 Sudipta Sarkar , Aron C. Wall

We discuss some recent results on black hole thermodynamics within the context of effective gravitational actions including higher-curvature interactions. Wald's derivation of the First Law demonstrates that black hole entropy can always be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 TED JACOBSON , GUNGWON KANG , ROBERT C. MYERS

One proposal by Verlinde \cite{Verlinde:2010hp} is that gravity is not a fundamental, but an entropic force. In this way, Verlinde has provide us with a way to derive the Newton's law of gravitation from the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy-area…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-22 R. G. L. Aragão , C. A. S. Silva

We investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics, applying Barrow entropy for the horizon entropy. The former arises from the fact that the black-hole surface may be deformed due to quantum-gravitational effects,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-16 Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Spyros Basilakos

The accretion of phantom fields by black holes within a thermodynamic context is addressed. For a fluid violating the dominant energy condition, case of a phantom fluid, the Euler and Gibbs relations permit two different possibilities for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. A. de Freitas Pacheco , J. E. Horvath

We investigate the second law of black hole mechanics in gravitational theories with higher derivative terms in the action. Wall has described a method for defining an entropy that satisfies the second law to linear order in perturbations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-29 Stefan Hollands , Áron D. Kovács , Harvey S. Reall

Horndeski gravities are theories of gravity coupled to a scalar field, in which the action contains an additional non-minimal quadratic coupling of the scalar, through its first derivative, to the Einstein tensor or the analogous…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Xing-Hui Feng , Hai-Shan Liu , H. Lü , C. N. Pope

We derive new bounds on higher-dimension operator coefficients in four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory. Positivity of classically-generated corrections to the Wald entropy of thermodynamically stable, rotating dyonic black holes implies…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-06 Clifford Cheung , Junyu Liu , Grant N. Remmen