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Related papers: A Framework of Severity for Harmful Content Online

200 papers

Online harms, such as hate speech, trolling and self-harm promotion, continue to be widespread. There are growing concerns that these harms may disproportionately affect women, reflecting and reproducing existing structural inequalities…

The unprecedented growth of Internet users has resulted in an abundance of unstructured information on social media including health forums, where patients request health-related information or opinions from other users. Previous studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Shweta Yadav , Joy Prakash Sain , Amit Sheth , Asif Ekbal , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Most social media platforms implement content moderation to address interpersonal harms such as harassment. Content moderation relies on offender-centered, punitive approaches, e.g., bans and content removal. We consider an alternative…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Sijia Xiao , Shagun Jhaver , Niloufar Salehi

The speech act of complaining is used by humans to communicate a negative mismatch between reality and expectations as a reaction to an unfavorable situation. Linguistic theory of pragmatics categorizes complaints into various severity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Mali Jin , Nikolaos Aletras

Toxicity detection algorithms, originally designed with reactive content moderation in mind, are increasingly being deployed into proactive end-user interventions to moderate content. Through a socio-technical lens and focusing on contexts…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mark Warner , Angelika Strohmayer , Matthew Higgs , Lynne Coventry

This systematic literature review seeks to explain the mechanisms and implications of information disorder for public policy and the democratic process, by proposing a five-stage framework capturing its full life cycle. To our knowledge, no…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Julie Ricard , Ivette Yañez , Leticia Hora

Online hate and harassment poses a threat to the digital safety of people globally. In light of this risk, there is a need to equip as many people as possible with advice to stay safer online. We interviewed 24 experts to understand what…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Miranda Wei , Sunny Consolvo , Patrick Gage Kelley , Tadayoshi Kohno , Franziska Roesner , Kurt Thomas

Online social networks provide a platform for sharing information and free expression. However, these networks are also used for malicious purposes, such as distributing misinformation and hate speech, selling illegal drugs, and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Alon Halevy , Cristian Canton Ferrer , Hao Ma , Umut Ozertem , Patrick Pantel , Marzieh Saeidi , Fabrizio Silvestri , Ves Stoyanov

The pervasiveness of abusive content on the internet can lead to severe psychological and physical harm. Significant effort in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research has been devoted to addressing this problem through abusive content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Svetlana Kiritchenko , Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser

We present a holistic approach to building a robust and useful natural language classification system for real-world content moderation. The success of such a system relies on a chain of carefully designed and executed steps, including the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Todor Markov , Chong Zhang , Sandhini Agarwal , Tyna Eloundou , Teddy Lee , Steven Adler , Angela Jiang , Lilian Weng

The mental health of social media users has started more and more to be put at risk by harmful, hateful, and offensive content. In this paper, we propose \textsc{StopHC}, a harmful content detection and mitigation architecture for social…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ciprian-Octavian Truică , Ana-Teodora Constantinescu , Elena-Simona Apostol

Terror attacks have been linked in part to online extremist content. Although tens of thousands of Islamist extremism supporters consume such content, they are a small fraction relative to peaceful Muslims. The efforts to contain the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ugur Kursuncu , Manas Gaur , Carlos Castillo , Amanuel Alambo , K. Thirunarayan , Valerie Shalin , Dilshod Achilov , I. Budak Arpinar , Amit Sheth

The evolution of digital communication systems and the designs of online platforms have inadvertently facilitated the subconscious propagation of toxic behavior. Giving rise to reactive responses to toxic behavior. Toxicity in online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Smita Khapre , Melkamu Abay Mersha , Hassan Shakil , Jonali Baruah , Jugal Kalita

With significant advances in generative AI, new technologies are rapidly being deployed with generative components. Generative models are typically trained on large datasets, resulting in model behaviors that can mimic the worst of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Susan Hao , Piyush Kumar , Sarah Laszlo , Shivani Poddar , Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Renee Shelby

WARNING: This paper contains examples of offensive materials. To address the proliferation of toxic content on social media, we introduce SMARTER, we introduce SMARTER, a data-efficient two-stage framework for explainable content moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Huy Nghiem , Advik Sachdeva , Hal Daumé

The prevalence of short form video platforms, combined with the ineffectiveness of age verification mechanisms, raises concerns about the potential harms facing children and teenagers in an algorithm-moderated online environment. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoning Xue , Brian Nishimine , Martin Hilbert , Drew Cingel , Samantha Vigil , Jane Shawcroft , Arti Thakur , Zubair Shafiq , Jingwen Zhang

Dark humor often relies on subtle cultural nuances and implicit cues that require contextual reasoning to interpret, posing safety challenges that current static benchmarks fail to capture. To address this, we introduce a novel multimodal,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ahmed Sharshar , Hosam Elgendy , Saad El Dine Ahmed , Yasser Rohaim , Yuxia Wang

Online social platforms are beset with hateful speech - content that expresses hatred for a person or group of people. Such content can frighten, intimidate, or silence platform users, and some of it can inspire other users to commit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Haji Mohammad Saleem , Kelly P Dillon , Susan Benesch , Derek Ruths

In earlier work we defined a qualitative notion of harm: either harm is caused, or it is not. For practical applications, we often need to quantify harm; for example, we may want to choose the least harmful of a set of possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Sander Beckers , Hana Chockler , Joseph Y. Halpern

Sexism is very common in social media and makes the boundaries of freedom tighter for feminist and female users. There is still no comprehensive classification of sexism attracting natural language processing techniques. Categorizing sexism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Sima Sharifirad , Stan Matwin