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Recent advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have impacted numerous sub-fields such as natural language generation, natural language inference, question answering, and more. However, in the field of question generation, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Devrim Cavusoglu , Secil Sen , Ulas Sert

Within the context of reading comprehension, the task of Distractor Generation (DG) aims to generate several incorrect options to confuse readers. Traditional supervised methods for DG rely heavily on expensive human-annotated distractor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Fanyi Qu , Hao Sun , Yunfang Wu

Distractor generation (DG) remains a labor-intensive task that still significantly depends on domain experts. The task focuses on generating plausible yet incorrect options, known as distractors, for multiple-choice questions. A reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Elaf Alhazmi , Quan Z. Sheng , Wei Emma Zhang

Multiple-choice VQA has drawn increasing attention from researchers and end-users recently. As the demand for automatically constructing large-scale multiple-choice VQA data grows, we introduce a novel task called textual Distractors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jiaying Lu , Xin Ye , Yi Ren , Yezhou Yang

Multiple-choice tests are a common approach for assessing candidates' comprehension skills. Standard multiple-choice reading comprehension exams require candidates to select the correct answer option from a discrete set based on a question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Vatsal Raina , Adian Liusie , Mark Gales

Manually designing cloze test consumes enormous time and efforts. The major challenge lies in wrong option (distractor) selection. Having carefully-design distractors improves the effectiveness of learner ability assessment. As a result,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Shang-Hsuan Chiang , Ssu-Cheng Wang , Yao-Chung Fan

Evaluating generative models with open-ended generation is challenging due to inconsistencies in response formats. Multiple-choice (MC) evaluation mitigates this issue, but generating high-quality distractors is time-consuming and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Grace Byun , Jinho D. Choi

Automatic question generation aims at the generation of questions from a context, with the corresponding answers being sub-spans of the given passage. Whereas, most of the methods mostly rely on heuristic rules to generate questions, more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various educational tasks, yet their alignment with human learning patterns, particularly in predicting which incorrect options students are most likely to select in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Naiming Liu , Shashank Sonkar , Richard G. Baraniuk

This paper presents an evaluation of the quality of automatically generated reading comprehension questions from Swedish text, using the Quinductor method. This method is a light-weight, data-driven but non-neural method for automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Dmytro Kalpakchi , Johan Boye

In this paper, we tackle the task of distractor generation (DG) for multiple-choice questions. Our study introduces two key designs. First, we propose \textit{retrieval augmented pretraining}, which involves refining the language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Han-Cheng Yu , Yu-An Shih , Kin-Man Law , Kai-Yu Hsieh , Yu-Chen Cheng , Hsin-Chih Ho , Zih-An Lin , Wen-Chuan Hsu , Yao-Chung Fan

When evaluating a learner's knowledge proficiency, the multiple-choice question is an efficient and widely used format in standardized tests. Nevertheless, generating these questions, particularly plausible distractors (incorrect options),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Runfeng Lin , Dacheng Xu , Huijiang Wang , Zebiao Chen , Yating Wang , Shouqiang Liu

Large-scale pre-trained language model such as BERT has achieved great success in language understanding tasks. However, it remains an open question how to utilize BERT for language generation. In this paper, we present a novel approach,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Yen-Chun Chen , Zhe Gan , Yu Cheng , Jingzhou Liu , Jingjing Liu

Vocabulary acquisition is essential to second language learning, as it underpins all core language skills. Accurate vocabulary assessment is particularly important in standardized exams, where test items evaluate learners' comprehension and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Yu-Cheng Liu , An-Zi Yen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate distractors for multiple-choice questions (MCQs), especially in domains like math education. However, existing approaches are limited in ensuring that the generated distractors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Nisarg Parikh , Nigel Fernandez , Alexander Scarlatos , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Generating high-quality MCQs, especially those targeting diverse cognitive levels and incorporating common misconceptions into distractor design, is time-consuming and expertise-intensive, making manual creation impractical at scale.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Nicy Scaria , Silvester John Joseph Kennedy , Diksha Seth , Ananya Thakur , Deepak Subramani

Identifying words that impact a task's performance more than others is a challenge in natural language processing. Transformers models have recently addressed this issue by incorporating an attention mechanism that assigns greater attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Neşet Özkan Tan , Alex Yuxuan Peng , Joshua Bensemann , Qiming Bao , Tim Hartill , Mark Gahegan , Michael Witbrock

BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and related pre-trained Transformers have provided large gains across many language understanding tasks, achieving a new state-of-the-art (SOTA). BERT is pre-trained on two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Michael Glass , Alfio Gliozzo , Rishav Chakravarti , Anthony Ferritto , Lin Pan , G P Shrivatsa Bhargav , Dinesh Garg , Avirup Sil

We present BERTGEN, a novel generative, decoder-only model which extends BERT by fusing multimodal and multilingual pretrained models VL-BERT and M-BERT, respectively. BERTGEN is auto-regressively trained for language generation tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Faidon Mitzalis , Ozan Caglayan , Pranava Madhyastha , Lucia Specia

Mathematical reasoning serves as a crucial testbed for the intelligence of large language models (LLMs), and math word problems (MWPs) are a popular type of math problems. Most MWP datasets consist of problems containing only the necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Kaiqi Yang , Hang Li , Yucheng Chu , Zitao Liu , Mi Tian , Hui Liu