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Combinatorial optimization problems are pervasive across science and industry. Modern deep learning tools are poised to solve these problems at unprecedented scales, but a unifying framework that incorporates insights from statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Martin J. A. Schuetz , J. Kyle Brubaker , Helmut G. Katzgraber

Many complex problems encountered in both production and daily life can be conceptualized as combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) over graphs. Recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) based models have emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Tianle Pu , Changjun Fan , Mutian Shen , Yizhou Lu , Li Zeng , Zohar Nussinov , Chao Chen , Zhong Liu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success for a variety of tasks such as node classification, graph classification, and link prediction. However, the use of GNNs (and machine learning more generally) to solve combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Frederik Wenkel , Semih Cantürk , Stefan Horoi , Michael Perlmutter , Guy Wolf

We study combinatorial problems with real world applications such as machine scheduling, routing, and assignment. We propose a method that combines Reinforcement Learning (RL) and planning. This method can equally be applied to both the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Joel Oren , Chana Ross , Maksym Lefarov , Felix Richter , Ayal Taitler , Zohar Feldman , Christian Daniel , Dotan Di Castro

This paper presents a framework to tackle constrained combinatorial optimization problems using deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). To this end, we extend the Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) theory in order to deal with constraints in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ruben Solozabal , Josu Ceberio , Martin Takáč

Machine Learning-based heuristics have recently shown impressive performance in solving a variety of hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). However, they generally rely on a separate neural model, specialized and trained for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Darko Drakulic , Sofia Michel , Jean-Marc Andreoli

From logistics to the natural sciences, combinatorial optimisation on graphs underpins numerous real-world applications. Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown particular promise in this setting as it can adapt to specific problem structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Thomas D. Barrett , Christopher W. F. Parsonson , Alexandre Laterre

Combinatorial optimization is a well-established area in operations research and computer science. Until recently, its methods have focused on solving problem instances in isolation, ignoring that they often stem from related data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Quentin Cappart , Didier Chételat , Elias Khalil , Andrea Lodi , Christopher Morris , Petar Veličković

Existing approaches to solving combinatorial optimization problems on graphs suffer from the need to engineer each problem algorithmically, with practical problems recurring in many instances. The practical side of theoretical computer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Natalia Vesselinova , Rebecca Steinert , Daniel F. Perez-Ramirez , Magnus Boman

In recent years, there has been notable interest in investigating combinatorial optimization (CO) problems by neural-based framework. An emerging strategy to tackle these challenging problems involves the adoption of graph neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yang Liu , Chuan Zhou , Peng Zhang , Shirui Pan , Zhao Li , Hongyang Chen

Recently, the applications of the methodologies of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to NP-Hard Combinatorial optimization problems have become a popular topic. This is essentially due to the nature of the traditional combinatorial algorithms,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Simone Foa , Corrado Coppola , Giorgio Grani , Laura Palagi

While reinforcement learning methods have delivered remarkable results in a number of settings, generalization, i.e., the ability to produce policies that generalize in a reliable and systematic way, has remained a challenge. The problem of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Simon Ståhlberg , Blai Bonet , Hector Geffner

Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) by representing tasks and instances in natural language. However, purely language-based approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shaodi Feng , Zhuoyi Lin , Yaoxin Wu , Haiyan Yin , Yan Jin , Senthilnath Jayavelu , Xun Xu

This paper presents a framework to tackle combinatorial optimization problems using neural networks and reinforcement learning. We focus on the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and train a recurrent network that, given a set of city…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Irwan Bello , Hieu Pham , Quoc V. Le , Mohammad Norouzi , Samy Bengio

Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) is a practical combinatorial optimization problems that has been studied for several years. Since it is NP-hard, solving large problem instances of QAP is challenging. Although heuristics can find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Satoko Iida , Ryota Yasudo

Coverage path planning in a generic known environment is shown to be NP-hard. When the environment is unknown, it becomes more challenging as the robot is required to rely on its online map information built during coverage for planning its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Javad Heydari , Olimpiya Saha , Viswanath Ganapathy

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been utilized for various applications ranging from drug discovery to network design and social networks. In many applications, it is impossible to observe some properties of the graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Moshe Eliasof , Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Eldad Haber

Graph problems such as traveling salesman problem, or finding minimal Steiner trees are widely studied and used in data engineering and computer science. Typically, in real-world applications, the features of the graph tend to change over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Udesh Gunarathna , Renata Borovica-Gajic , Shanika Karunasekara , Egemen Tanin

Combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are an important research topic in various fields. In recent times, there have been many attempts to solve COPs using deep learning-based approaches. We propose a novel neural network model that…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Jaeseung Lee , Woojin Choi , Jibum Kim

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a generic technique to model various NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems in the form of binary variables. The Hamiltonian function is often used to formulate QUBO problems where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Redwan Ahmed Rizvee , Md. Mosaddek Khan