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This paper presents an interpretable reward design framework for reinforcement learning based constrained optimal control problems with state and terminal constraints. The problem is formalized within a standard partially observable Markov…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-05 Jingjie Ni , Fangfei Li , Xin Jin , Xianlun Peng , Yang Tang

Contextual Markov decision processes (CMDPs) describe a class of reinforcement learning problems in which the transition kernels and reward functions can change over time with different MDPs indexed by a context variable. While CMDPs serve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Junze Deng , Yuan Cheng , Shaofeng Zou , Yingbin Liang

Recent advances in summarization research focus on improving summary quality across multiple criteria, such as completeness, conciseness, and faithfulness, by jointly optimizing these dimensions. However, these efforts largely overlook the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hongye Liu , Liang Ding , Ricardo Henao

In the optimization of dynamical systems, the variables typically have constraints. Such problems can be modeled as a constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP). This paper considers a model-free approach to the problem, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Qinbo Bai , Vaneet Aggarwal , Ather Gattami

Text summarization systems have made significant progress in recent years, but typically generate summaries in one single step. However, the one-shot summarization setting is sometimes inadequate, as the generated summary may contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Haopeng Zhang , Xiao Liu , Jiawei Zhang

In this work, we focus on the problem of safe policy transfer in reinforcement learning: we seek to leverage existing policies when learning a new task with specified constraints. This problem is important for safety-critical applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Zeyu Feng , Bowen Zhang , Jianxin Bi , Harold Soh

Personalized multi-document summarization (MDS) is essential for meeting individual user preferences of writing style and content focus for summaries. In this paper, we propose that for effective personalization, it is important to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyuan Li , Snigdha Chaturvedi

As language models become more powerful, training and evaluation are increasingly bottlenecked by the data and metrics used for a particular task. For example, summarization models are often trained to predict human reference summaries and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Nisan Stiennon , Long Ouyang , Jeff Wu , Daniel M. Ziegler , Ryan Lowe , Chelsea Voss , Alec Radford , Dario Amodei , Paul Christiano

Safe reinforcement learning has been a promising approach for optimizing the policy of an agent that operates in safety-critical applications. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, SNO-MDP, that explores and optimizes Markov decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Akifumi Wachi , Yanan Sui

Obtaining training data for multi-document summarization (MDS) is time consuming and resource-intensive, so recent neural models can only be trained for limited domains. In this paper, we propose SummPip: an unsupervised method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Jinming Zhao , Ming Liu , Longxiang Gao , Yuan Jin , Lan Du , He Zhao , He Zhang , Gholamreza Haffari

Practical reinforcement learning problems are often formulated as constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) problems, in which the agent has to maximize the expected return while satisfying a set of prescribed safety constraints. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Shin-ichi Maeda , Hayato Watahiki , Shintarou Okada , Masanori Koyama

While large language models (LLMs) can already achieve strong performance on standard generic summarization benchmarks, their performance on more complex summarization task settings is less studied. Therefore, we benchmark LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yixin Liu , Alexander R. Fabbri , Jiawen Chen , Yilun Zhao , Simeng Han , Shafiq Joty , Pengfei Liu , Dragomir Radev , Chien-Sheng Wu , Arman Cohan

We propose and study a general framework for regularized Markov decision processes (MDPs) where the goal is to find an optimal policy that maximizes the expected discounted total reward plus a policy regularization term. The extant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-22 Xiang Li , Wenhao Yang , Zhihua Zhang

In this work, we study discrete-time Markov decision processes (MDPs) under constraints with Borel state and action spaces and where all the performance functions have the same form of the expected total reward (ETR) criterion over the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-10 F. Dufour , Alexandre Genadot

In this paper, we aim to improve abstractive dialogue summarization quality and, at the same time, enable granularity control. Our model has two primary components and stages: 1) a two-stage generation strategy that generates a preliminary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Chien-Sheng Wu , Linqing Liu , Wenhao Liu , Pontus Stenetorp , Caiming Xiong

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are used to model a wide variety of applications ranging from game playing over robotics to finance. Their optimal policy typically maximizes the expected sum of rewards given at each step of the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Maximilian Nägele , Jan Olle , Thomas Fösel , Remmy Zen , Florian Marquardt

Opinion summarization is the task of automatically generating summaries for a set of reviews about a specific target (e.g., a movie or a product). Since the number of reviews for each target can be prohibitively large, neural network-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Reinald Kim Amplayo , Mirella Lapata

Reinforcement learning (RL) typically models the interaction between the agent and environment as a Markov decision process (MDP), where the rewards that guide the agent's behavior are always observable. However, in many real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Montaser Mohammedalamen , Michael Bowling

This paper addresses the challenge of solving Constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs) with $d > 1$ constraints when the transition dynamics are unknown, but samples can be drawn from a generative model. We propose a model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Max Buckley , Konstantinos Papathanasiou , Andreas Spanopoulos

The formal verification and controller synthesis for Markov decision processes that evolve over uncountable state spaces are computationally hard and thus generally rely on the use of approximations. In this work, we consider the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Sofie Haesaert , Sadegh Soudjani , Alessandro Abate