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Selecting an effective training signal for machine learning tasks is difficult: expert annotations are expensive, and crowd-sourced annotations may not be reliable. Recent work has demonstrated that learning from a distribution over labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Dustin Wright , Isabelle Augenstein

Semi-supervised crowd analysis is a prominent area of research, as unlabeled data are typically abundant and inexpensive to obtain. However, traditional point-based annotations constrain performance because individual regions are inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jiyang Huang , Hongru Cheng , Wei Lin , Jia Wan , Antoni B. Chan

Most existing crowd counting methods require object location-level annotation, i.e., placing a dot at the center of an object. While being simpler than the bounding-box or pixel-level annotation, obtaining this annotation is still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Yinjie Lei , Yan Liu , Pingping Zhang , Lingqiao Liu

Semi-supervised approaches for crowd counting attract attention, as the fully supervised paradigm is expensive and laborious due to its request for a large number of images of dense crowd scenarios and their annotations. This paper proposes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Yanda Meng , Hongrun Zhang , Yitian Zhao , Xiaoyun Yang , Xuesheng Qian , Xiaowei Huang , Yalin Zheng

Local clustering aims to identify specific substructures within a large graph without any additional structural information of the graph. These substructures are typically small compared to the overall graph, enabling the problem to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhaiming Shen , Sung Ha Kang

Point detection has been developed to locate pedestrians in crowded scenes by training a counter through a point-to-point (P2P) supervision scheme. Despite its excellent localization and counting performance, training a point-based counter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Wei Lin , Chenyang Zhao , Antoni B. Chan

Person re-identification is the challenging task of identifying a person across different camera views. Training a convolutional neural network (CNN) for this task requires annotating a large dataset, and hence, it involves the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Olga Moskvyak , Frederic Maire , Feras Dayoub , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh

Multi-view crowd counting has been proposed to deal with the severe occlusion issue of crowd counting in large and wide scenes. However, due to the difficulty of collecting and annotating multi-view images, the datasets for multi-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Qi Zhang , Yunfei Gong , Zhidan Xie , Zhizi Wang , Antoni B. Chan , Hui Huang

Crowd image is arguably one of the most laborious data to annotate. In this paper, we devote to reduce the massive demand of densely labeled crowd data, and propose a novel weakly-supervised setting, in which we leverage the binary ranking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Zheng Xiong , Liangyu Chai , Wenxi Liu , Yongtuo Liu , Sucheng Ren , Shengfeng He

Semi-supervised crowd counting is an important yet challenging task. A popular approach is to iteratively generate pseudo-labels for unlabeled data and add them to the training set. The key is to use uncertainty to select reliable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chen Li , Xiaoling Hu , Shahira Abousamra , Chao Chen

With the increased interest in machine learning and big data problems, the need for large amounts of labelled data has also grown. However, it is often infeasible to get experts to label all of this data, which leads many practitioners to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Pierce Burke , Richard Klein

Fully-unsupervised Person and Vehicle Re-Identification have received increasing attention due to their broad applicability in surveillance, forensics, event understanding, and smart cities, without requiring any manual annotation. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Gabriel Bertocco , Fernanda Andaló , Terrance E. Boult , Anderson Rocha

Supervised learning depends on annotated examples, which are taken to be the \emph{ground truth}. But these labels often come from noisy crowdsourcing platforms, like Amazon Mechanical Turk. Practitioners typically collect multiple labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Ashish Khetan , Zachary C. Lipton , Anima Anandkumar

Crowd density estimation is a well-known computer vision task aimed at estimating the density distribution of people in an image. The main challenge in this domain is the reliance on fine-grained location-level annotations, (i.e. points…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Mattia Litrico , Feng Chen , Michael Pound , Sotirios A Tsaftaris , Sebastiano Battiato , Mario Valerio Giuffrida

Crowd counting and localization are important in applications such as public security and traffic management. Existing methods have achieved impressive results thanks to extensive laborious annotations. This paper propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yuda Zou , Zelong Liu , Yuliang Gu , Bo Du , Yongchao Xu

Labeling visual data is expensive and time-consuming. Crowdsourcing systems promise to enable highly parallelizable annotations through the participation of monetarily or otherwise motivated workers, but even this approach has its limits.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Christopher Klugmann , Rafid Mahmood , Guruprasad Hegde , Amit Kale , Daniel Kondermann

Labeled crowd scene images are expensive and scarce. To significantly reduce the requirement of the labeled images, we propose ColorCount, a novel CNN-based approach by combining self-supervised transfer colorization learning and global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Haoyue Bai , Song Wen , S. -H. Gary Chan

Unsupervised person re-identification (Re-ID) aims to retrieve person images across cameras without any identity labels. Most clustering-based methods roughly divide image features into clusters and neglect the feature distribution noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Pengna Li , Kangyi Wu , Sanping Zhou. Qianxin Huang , Jinjun Wang

Crowd sequential annotations can be an efficient and cost-effective way to build large datasets for sequence labeling. Different from tagging independent instances, for crowd sequential annotations the quality of label sequence relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Xiaolei Lu , Tommy W. S. Chow

Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu