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This report explores the latest advances in the field of digital document recognition. With the focus on printed document imagery, we discuss the major developments in optical character recognition (OCR) and document image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-12-16 Eugene Borovikov

Optical character recognition (OCR) for historical documents is a complex procedure subject to a unique set of material issues, including inconsistencies in typefaces and low quality scanning. Consequently, even the most sophisticated OCR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Alberto Poncelas , Mohammad Aboomar , Jan Buts , James Hadley , Andy Way

We present OCR-Quality, a comprehensive human-annotated dataset designed for evaluating and developing OCR quality assessment methods. The dataset consists of 1,000 PDF pages converted to PNG images at 300 DPI, sampled from diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yulong Zhang

Transforming text-based identity documents, such as Nepali citizenship cards, into a structured digital format poses several challenges due to the distinct characteristics of the Nepali script and minor variations in print alignment and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sisir Dhakal , Sujan Sigdel , Sandesh Prasad Paudel , Sharad Kumar Ranabhat , Nabin Lamichhane

The accuracy of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is crucial to the success of subsequent applications used in text analyzing pipeline. Recent models of OCR post-processing significantly improve the quality of OCR-generated text, but are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Jie Mei , Aminul Islam , Yajing Wu , Abidalrahman Moh'd , Evangelos E. Milios

In this paper, we propose a novel method based on character sequence-to-sequence models to correct documents already processed with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems. The main contribution of this paper is a set of strategies to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Juan Ramirez-Orta , Eduardo Xamena , Ana Maguitman , Evangelos Milios , Axel J. Soto

Handwritten text recognition (HTR) and machine translation continue to pose significant challenges, particularly for low-resource languages like Marathi, which lack large digitized corpora and exhibit high variability in handwriting styles.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Shubham Kumar Nigam , Parjanya Aditya Shukla , Noel Shallum , Arnab Bhattacharya

Many tasks within NLP can be framed as sequential decision problems, ranging from sequence tagging to text generation. However, for many tasks, the standard training methods, including maximum likelihood (teacher forcing) and scheduled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jianing Yang , Harshine Visvanathan , Yilin Wang , Xinyi Hu , Matthew Gormley

Over the past decade, machine learning methods have given us driverless cars, voice recognition, effective web search, and a much better understanding of the human genome. Machine learning is so common today that it is used dozens of times…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Omer Aydin

Named entity recognition (NER) suffers from the scarcity of annotated training data, especially for low-resource languages without labeled data. Cross-lingual NER has been proposed to alleviate this issue by transferring knowledge from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jian Yang , Shaohan Huang , Shuming Ma , Yuwei Yin , Li Dong , Dongdong Zhang , Hongcheng Guo , Zhoujun Li , Furu Wei

Document alignment and registration play a crucial role in numerous real-world applications, such as automated form processing, anomaly detection, and workflow automation. Traditional methods for document alignment rely on image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ross Greer , Alisha Ukani , Katherine Izhikevich , Earlence Fernandes , Stefan Savage , Alex C. Snoeren

Automatic License Plate Recognition is a frequent research topic due to its wide-ranging practical applications. While recent studies use synthetic images to improve License Plate Recognition (LPR) results, there remain several limitations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Rayson Laroca , Valter Estevam , Gladston J. P. Moreira , Rodrigo Minetto , David Menotti

In the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Named Entity Recognition (NER) is recognized as a critical technology, employed across a wide array of applications. Traditional methodologies for annotating datasets for NER models are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yuji Naraki , Ryosuke Yamaki , Yoshikazu Ikeda , Takafumi Horie , Kotaro Yoshida , Ryotaro Shimizu , Hiroki Naganuma

Academic documents are packed with texts, equations, tables, and figures, requiring comprehensive understanding for accurate Optical Character Recognition (OCR). While end-to-end OCR methods offer improved accuracy over layout-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yu Sun , Dongzhan Zhou , Chen Lin , Conghui He , Wanli Ouyang , Han-Sen Zhong

Named entity recognition (NER) models often struggle with noisy inputs, such as those with spelling mistakes or errors generated by Optical Character Recognition processes, and learning a robust NER model is challenging. Existing robust NER…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Chaoyi Ai , Yong Jiang , Shen Huang , Pengjun Xie , Kewei Tu

Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems play a vital role in NLP applications such as machine translation, summarization, and question-answering. These systems identify named entities, which encompass real-world concepts like locations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Harsh Chaudhari , Anuja Patil , Dhanashree Lavekar , Pranav Khairnar , Raviraj Joshi , Sachin Pande

In Document Understanding, the challenge of reconstructing damaged, occluded, or incomplete text remains a critical yet unexplored problem. Subsequent document understanding tasks can benefit from a document reconstruction process. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Kunal Purkayastha , Ayan Banerjee , Josep Llados , Umapada Pal

Existing deep active learning algorithms achieve impressive sampling efficiency on natural language processing tasks. However, they exhibit several weaknesses in practice, including (a) inability to use uncertainty sampling with black-box…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Haw-Shiuan Chang , Shankar Vembu , Sunil Mohan , Rheeya Uppaal , Andrew McCallum

Information extraction from copy-heavy documents, characterized by massive volumes of structurally similar content, represents a critical yet understudied challenge in enterprise document processing. We present a systematic framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zilong Wang , Xiaoyu Shen

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a challenging and widely studied task that involves detecting and typing entities in text. So far,NER still approaches entity typing as a task of classification into universal classes (e.g. date, person, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Tristan Luiggi , Laure Soulier , Vincent Guigue , Siwar Jendoubi , Aurélien Baelde