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Two main models coexist for the environment in which stars form. The clustered model stipulates that the bulk of star formation occurs within dense embedded clusters, but only a minority of them survive the residual gas expulsion phase…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-19 Alexis L. Quintana , Emily L. Hunt , Hanna Parul

We present a new, approximate method of calculating the column density of ammonia in mapping observations of the 23 GHz inversion lines. The temperature regime typically found in star forming regions allows for the assumption of a slowly…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 L. K. Morgan , T. J. T. Moore , J. Allsopp , D. J. Eden

Among the first observations released to the public from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was a section of the star-forming region NGC 3324 known colloquially as the "Cosmic Cliffs." We build a photometric catalog of the region and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-13 B. L. Crompvoets , J. Di Francesco , H. Teimoorinia , T. Preibisch

We investigate the formation of both clustered and distributed populations of young stars in a single molecular cloud. We present a numerical simulation of a 10,000 solar mass elongated, turbulent, molecular cloud and the formation of over…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 Ian A. Bonnell , Rowan J. Smith , Paul C. Clark , Matthew R. Bate

Massive stars form whilst they are still embedded in dense envelopes. As a result, the roles of rotation, mass loss and accretion in massive star formation are not well understood. This study evaluates the source of the Q-band, lambda=19.5…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 H. E. Wheelwright , W. J. de Wit , R. D. Oudmaijer , M. G. Hoare , S. L. Lumsden , T. Fujiyoshi , J. L. Close

The characteristic mass M_c in the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is about constant for most star-forming regions. Numerical simulations consistently show a proportionality between M_c and the thermal Jeans mass M_J at the time of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Bruce G. Elmegreen , Ralf S. Klessen , Christine D. Wilson

We study the relationship between the gas column density (Sigma_HI) and the star formation rate surface density (Sigma_SFR) for a sample of extremely small (M_B ~ -13, Delta V_50 ~ 30 km/s) dwarf irregular galaxies. We find a clear…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-04 Sambit Roychowdhury , Jayaram N. Chengalur , Serafim S. Kaisin , Ayesha Begum , Igor D. Karachentsev

We review the use of young low mass stars and protostars, or young stellar objects (YSOs), as tracers of star formation. Observations of molecular clouds at visible, infrared, radio and X-ray wavelengths can identify and characterize the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-05-04 S. T. Megeath , R. A. Gutermuth , M. A. Kounkel

Star formation occurs in hierarchical patterns in both space and time. Galaxies form large regions on the scale of the interstellar Jeans length and these large regions apparently fragment into giant molecular clouds and cloud cores in a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 Bruce G. Elmegreen

The Herschel Extragalactic Legacy Project (HELP) brings together a vast range of data from many astronomical observatories. Its main focus is on the Herschel data, which maps dust obscured star formation over 1300 deg$^2$. With this…

We compare the structure of star-forming molecular clouds in different regions of Orion A to determine how the column density probability distribution function (N-PDF) varies with environmental conditions such as the fraction of young…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 A. M. Stutz , J. Kainulainen

We present the results of our investigation of the star-forming potential in the Perseus star-forming complex. We build on previous starless core, protostellar core, and young stellar object (YSO) catalogs from Spitzer, Herschel, and SCUBA…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-04-26 Seyma Mercimek , Philip C. Myers , Katherine I. Lee , Sarah I. Sadavoy

We report the discovery and characterization of a power law correlation between the local surface densities of Spitzer-identified, dusty young stellar objects and the column density of gas (as traced by near-IR extinction) in eight…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 R. A. Gutermuth , J. L. Pipher , S. T. Megeath , P. C. Myers , L. E. Allen , T. S. Allen

By means of different physical mechanisms, the expansion of HII regions can promote the formation of new stars of all masses. RCW 120 is a nearby Galactic HII region where triggered star formation occurs. This region is well-studied - there…

Using photometric data of infrared surveys, young stellar object (YSO) status is verified for 141 objects selected in our previous papers in the Cassiopeia and Camelopardalis segment of the Milky Way bounded by Galactic coordinates (l, b) =…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-14 V. Straizys , A. Kazlauskas

In this work we have carried out an in-depth analysis of the young stellar content in the W3 GMC. The YSO population was identified and classified in the IRAC/MIPS color-magnitude space according to the `Class' scheme and compared to other…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-11-29 A. Rivera-Ingraham , P. G. Martin , D. Polychroni , T. J. T. Moore

Recently Stanchev et al. (2015) proposed a technique to derive density scaling relations in a star-forming region from analysis of the probability distribution function of column density. We address the possible dependence of the outcome on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-30 O. I. Stanchev , T. V. Veltchev , S. Donkov

The study of the chemical evolution of gas and dust from pre-stellar dense cores to circumstellar disks around young stars forms an essential part of understanding star- and planet formation. Throughout the collapse- and protostellar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ewine F. van Dishoeck , Michiel R. Hogerheijde

One of the most important and well-established empirical results in astronomy is the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation between the density of interstellar gas and the rate at which that gas forms stars. A tight correlation between these…

We investigate the relative alignment between density structures and magnetic fields in eight young protostars from the ALMA B-field Orion Protostellar Survey. Column density maps are derived from 870 $\mu$m dust continuum emission, and the…