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Generic group-based RL assumes that sampled rollout groups are already usable learning signals. We show that this assumption breaks down in sparse-hit generative recommendation, where many sampled groups never become learnable at all. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Peiyan Zhang , Hanmo Liu , Chengxuan Tong , Yuxia Wu , Wei Guo , Yong Liu

Controlled text generation tasks such as unsupervised text style transfer have increasingly adopted the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL). A major challenge in applying RL to such tasks is the sparse reward, which is available only after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Bhargav Upadhyay , Akhilesh Sudhakar , Arjun Maheswaran

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm concerned with learning to control a system so as to maximize an objective over the long term. This approach to learning has received immense interest in recent times and success manifests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Sanyam Kapoor

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework for knowledge-intensive tasks, yet its effectiveness in long-context scenarios is often bottlenecked by the retriever's inability to distinguish sparse yet crucial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hang Ding , Jiawei Zhou , Haiyun Jiang

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to learn a reward function and a corresponding policy that best fit the demonstrated trajectories of an expert. However, current IRL works cannot learn incrementally from an ongoing trajectory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shicheng Liu , Minghui Zhu

Reinforcement learning has shown promise in learning policies that can solve complex problems. However, manually specifying a good reward function can be difficult, especially for intricate tasks. Inverse reinforcement learning offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Peter Henderson , Wei-Di Chang , Pierre-Luc Bacon , David Meger , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

While Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning (GCRL) has gained attention, its algorithmic robustness against adversarial perturbations remains unexplored. The attacks and robust representation training methods that are designed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Xiangyu Yin , Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Meng Fang , Xingyu Zhao , Xiaowei Huang , Wenjie Ruan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has the potential to enable robots to learn from their own actions in the real world. Unfortunately, RL can be prohibitively expensive, in terms of on-robot runtime, due to inefficient exploration when learning…

In goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL), sparse rewards present significant challenges, often obstructing efficient learning. Although multi-step GCRL can boost this efficiency, it can also lead to off-policy biases in target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Lisheng Wu , Ke Chen

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods have significant potential for dialogue policy optimisation. However, they suffer from a poor performance in the early stages of learning. This is especially problematic for on-line learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Pei-Hao Su , Pawel Budzianowski , Stefan Ultes , Milica Gasic , Steve Young

In this work, we propose several online methods to build a \emph{learning curriculum} from a given set of target-task-specific training tasks in order to speed up reinforcement learning (RL). These methods can decrease the total training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Vikas Jain , Theja Tulabandhula

Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods have emerged as a popular choice for training an efficient and effective dialogue policy. However, these methods suffer from sparse and unstable reward signals returned by a user simulator only when a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Ziming Li , Sungjin Lee , Baolin Peng , Jinchao Li , Julia Kiseleva , Maarten de Rijke , Shahin Shayandeh , Jianfeng Gao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a pivotal method for expanding the knowledge of large language models. To handle complex queries more effectively, researchers developed Adaptive-RAG (A-RAG) to enhance the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jie Ou , Jinyu Guo , Shuaihong Jiang , Zhaokun Wang , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

Attention-based sequential recommendation methods have shown promise in accurately capturing users' evolving interests from their past interactions. Recent research has also explored the integration of reinforcement learning (RL) into these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Melissa Mozifian , Tristan Sylvain , Dave Evans , Lili Meng

This paper proposes an inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) framework to accelerate learning when the learner-teacher \textit{interaction} is \textit{limited} during training. Our setting is motivated by the realistic scenarios where a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Martin Troussard , Emmanuel Pignat , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Sylvain Calinon , Volkan Cevher

Denoising-based generative models, particularly diffusion and flow matching algorithms, have achieved remarkable success. However, aligning their output distributions with complex downstream objectives, such as human preferences,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Luozhijie Jin , Zijie Qiu , Jie Liu , Zijie Diao , Lifeng Qiao , Ning Ding , Alex Lamb , Xipeng Qiu

Given the inherent non-stationarity prevalent in real-world applications, continual Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to equip the agent with the capability to address a series of sequentially presented decision-making tasks. Within this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Feng Chen , Fuguang Han , Cong Guan , Lei Yuan , Zhilong Zhang , Yang Yu , Zongzhang Zhang

Multi-goal reinforcement learning (RL) aims to qualify the agent to accomplish multi-goal tasks, which is of great importance in learning scalable robotic manipulation skills. However, reward engineering always requires strenuous efforts in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Deyu Yang , Hanbo Zhang , Xuguang Lan , Jishiyu Ding

Reinforcement learning faces significant challenges when applied to tasks characterized by sparse reward structures. Although imitation learning, within the domain of supervised learning, offers faster convergence, it relies heavily on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zeqiang Zhang , Fabian Wurzberger , Gerrit Schmid , Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

Reinforcement learning (RL) has improved guided image generation with diffusion models by directly optimizing rewards that capture image quality, aesthetics, and instruction following capabilities. However, the resulting generative policies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Owen Oertell , Jonathan D. Chang , Yiyi Zhang , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun
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