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Large language models (LLMs) have become proficient at sophisticated code-generation tasks, yet remain ineffective at reliably detecting or avoiding code vulnerabilities. Does this deficiency stem from insufficient learning about code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weichen Yu , Ravi Mangal , Terry Zhuo , Matt Fredrikson , Corina S. Pasareanu

Pre-trained transformer models shine in many natural language processing tasks and therefore are expected to bear the representation of the input sentence or text meaning. These sentence-level embeddings are also important in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Lukas Stankevičius , Mantas Lukoševičius

Dense vector representations for textual data are crucial in modern NLP. Word embeddings and sentence embeddings estimated from raw texts are key in achieving state-of-the-art results in various tasks requiring semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Sonal Sannigrahi , Josef van Genabith , Cristina Espana-Bonet

The application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has achieved a high level of relevance in several areas. In the field of software engineering (SE), NLP applications are based on the classification of similar texts (e.g. software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Eliane Maria De Bortoli Fávero , Dalcimar Casanova

Despite various approaches being employed to detect vulnerabilities, the number of reported vulnerabilities shows an upward trend over the years. This suggests the problems are not caught before the code is released, which could be caused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Karl Tamberg , Hayretdin Bahsi

The abundance of open-source code, coupled with the success of recent advances in deep learning for natural language processing, has given rise to a promising new application of machine learning to source code. In this work, we explore the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-29 David Wehr , Halley Fede , Eleanor Pence , Bo Zhang , Guilherme Ferreira , John Walczyk , Joseph Hughes

The rapid spread of misinformation, particularly through online platforms, underscores the urgent need for reliable detection systems. This study explores the utilization of machine learning and natural language processing, specifically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ahmed Akib Jawad Karim , Kazi Hafiz Md Asad , Aznur Azam

Vulnerability identification is crucial for cyber security in the software-related industry. Early identification methods require significant manual efforts in crafting features or annotating vulnerable code. Although the recent pre-trained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Xuxiang Jiang , Yinhao Xiao , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as transformative tools for software vulnerability detection, addressing critical challenges in the security domain. Traditional methods, such as static and dynamic analysis, often falter due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ze Sheng , Zhicheng Chen , Shuning Gu , Heqing Huang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

Deep learning methods, which have found successful applications in fields like image classification and natural language processing, have recently been applied to source code analysis too, due to the enormous amount of freely available…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Rocìo Cabrera Lozoya , Arnaud Baumann , Antonino Sabetta , Michele Bezzi

Vulnerability detection is crucial for maintaining software security, and recent research has explored the use of Language Models (LMs) for this task. While LMs have shown promising results, their performance has been inconsistent across…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Syafiq Al Atiiq , Christian Gehrmann , Kevin Dahlén

Recent deep learning (DL) methods for log anomaly detection increasingly rely on semantic log representation methods that convert the textual content of log events into vector embeddings as input to DL models. However, these DL methods are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuqing Wang , Ying Song , Xiaozhou Li , Nana Reinikainen , Mika V. Mäntylä

Software developers frequently hard-code credentials such as passwords, generic secrets, private keys, and generic tokens in software repositories, even though it is strictly advised against due to the severe threat to the security of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chidera Biringa , Gokhan Kul

Pre-trained language models have demonstrated powerful capabilities in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Recently, code pre-trained model (PTM), which draw from the experiences of the NLP field, have also achieved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yu Zhao , Lina Gong , Haoxiang Zhang , Yaoshen Yu , Zhiqiu Huang

Telecom services are at the core of today's societies' everyday needs. The availability of numerous online forums and discussion platforms enables telecom providers to improve their services by exploring the views of their customers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Hesham Abdelmotaleb , Craig McNeile , Malgorzata Wojtys

We present a neural model for representing snippets of code as continuous distributed vectors ("code embeddings"). The main idea is to represent a code snippet as a single fixed-length $\textit{code vector}$, which can be used to predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Uri Alon , Meital Zilberstein , Omer Levy , Eran Yahav

Text embedding models from Natural Language Processing can map text data (e.g. words, sentences, documents) to supposedly meaningful numerical representations (a.k.a. text embeddings). While such models are increasingly applied in social…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Qixiang Fang , Dong Nguyen , Daniel L Oberski

Large language models (LLMs) have made it remarkably easy to synthesize plausible source code from natural language prompts. While this accelerates software development and supports learning, it also raises new risks for academic integrity,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Syed Mehedi Hasan Nirob , Shamim Ehsan , Moqsadur Rahman , Summit Haque

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automated software security, particularly in vulnerability detection. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on isolated, single-vulnerability samples or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Chinmay Pushkar , Sanchit Kabra , Dhruv Kumar , Jagat Sesh Challa

Tokenization and sub-tokenization based models like word2vec, BERT and the GPTs are the state-of-the-art in natural language processing. Typically, these approaches have limitations with respect to their input representation. They fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Felix Schneider , Maria Gogolev , Sven Sickert , Joachim Denzler