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Gravitational waves are a prediction of general relativity, and with ground-based detectors now running in their advanced configuration, we will soon be able to measure them directly for the first time. Binaries of stellar-mass black holes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Xian Chen

The higher-multipoles of gravitational wave signals from coalescing compact binaries play a vital role in the accurate reconstruction of source properties, bringing about a deeper and nuanced understanding of fundamental physics and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-17 Soumen Roy , Anand S. Sengupta , K. G. Arun

Current matched-filter searches for gravitational waves from binary black-hole mergers compare the calibrated detector data to waveform templates that omit the higher-order mode content of the signals predicted by General Relativity.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-14 Koustav Chandra , Juan Calderón Bustillo , Archana Pai , Ian Harry

We determine the mass-ratio, eccentricity and binary inclination angles that maximize the contribution of the higher-order waveform multipoles $(\ell, \, |m|)= \{(2,\,2),\, (2,\,1),\, (3,\,3),\, (3,\,2), \, (3,\,1),\, (4,\,4),\, (4,\,3),\,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-19 Adam Rebei , E. A. Huerta , Sibo Wang , Sarah Habib , Roland Haas , Daniel Johnson , Daniel George

Extracting quasinormal modes from compact binary mergers to perform black hole spectroscopy is one of the fundamental pillars in current and future strong-gravity tests. Among the most remarkable findings of recent works is that including a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-19 Peter James Nee , Sebastian H. Völkel , Harald P. Pfeiffer

The ''ringdown'' stage of gravitational-wave signals from binary black hole mergers, mainly consisting of a superposition of quasinormal modes emitted by the merger remnant, is a key tool to test fundamental physics and to probe black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-06 Francesco Crescimbeni , Gregorio Carullo , Emanuele Berti , Giada Caneva Santoro , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Paolo Pani

Current searches for the gravitational-wave signature of compact binary mergers rely on matched-filtering data from interferometric observatories with sets of modelled gravitational waveforms. These searches currently use model waveforms…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-02 Ian Harry , Juan Calderón Bustillo , Alex Nitz

Newly formed black holes are expected to emit characteristic radiation in the form of quasi-normal modes, called ringdown waves, with discrete frequencies. LISA should be able to detect the ringdown waves emitted by oscillating supermassive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Clifford M. Will

Gravitational waves detected by advanced ground-based detectors have allowed studying the universe in a way which is fully complementary to electromagnetic observations. As more sources are detected, it will be possible to measure…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-25 Salvatore Vitale , Chris Whittle

A gravitational wave (GW) signal carries imprints of the properties of its source. The ability to extract source properties crucially depends on our prior knowledge of the signal morphology. Even though binary black hole (BBH) mergers are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-10 Divyajyoti

Modelling the end point of binary black hole mergers is a cornerstone of modern gravitational-wave astronomy. Extracting multiple quasinormal mode frequencies from the ringdown signal allows the remnant black hole to be studied in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-11 Eliot Finch , Christopher J. Moore

The spectroscopic study of black hole quasinormal modes in gravitational-wave ringdown observations is hindered by our ignorance of which modes should dominate astrophysical signals for different binary configurations, limiting tests of…

We estimate the potential of present and future interferometric gravitational-wave detectors to test the Kerr nature of black holes through "gravitational spectroscopy," i.e. the measurement of multiple quasinormal mode frequencies from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-09-07 Emanuele Berti , Alberto Sesana , Enrico Barausse , Vitor Cardoso , Krzysztof Belczynski

Motivated by observational searches for sub-parsec supermassive black hole binaries (SBHBs) we develop a modular analytic model to determine the likelihood for detection of SBHBs by ongoing spectroscopic surveys. The model combines the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-18 Bryan J. Pflueger , Khai Nguyen , Tamara Bogdanovic , Michael Eracleous , Jessie C. Runnoe , Steinn Sigurdsson , Todd Boroson

Black-hole spectroscopy, that is, measuring the characteristic frequencies and damping times of different modes in a black-hole ringdown, is a powerful probe for testing deviations from the general theory of relativity (GR). In this work,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-14 Costantino Pacilio , Swetha Bhagwat

The ringdown is the late part of the post-merger signature emitted during the coalescence of two black holes and comprises of a superposition of quasi-normal-modes. Within general relativity, because of the no-hair theorems, the frequencies…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-15 Swetha Bhagwat , Miriam Cabero , Collin D. Capano , Badri Krishnan , Duncan A. Brown

During the post-merger regime of a binary black hole merger, the gravitational wave signal consists of a superposition of quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the remnant black hole. It has been observed empirically, primarily through numerical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-22 A. Ribes Metidieri , B. Bonga , B. Krishnan

Black-hole spectroscopy aims to infer the fundamental properties of black holes by analysing the spectrum of gravitational waves emitted as they settle into equilibrium. These resonances, known as quasinormal modes (QNMs), decay rapidly,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-22 Pietro Smaniotto , Leonardo Solidoro , Patrik Švančara , Sam Patrick , Maurício Richartz , Carlo F. Barenghi , Ruth Gregory , Silke Weinfurtner

The detection of quadratic quasi-normal modes would provide a direct probe into black hole nonlinear perturbations. We report the first observational evidence of a set of quadratic quasi-normal modes in the gravitational-wave ringdown of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-12 Yi-Fan Wang , Sizheng Ma , Neev Khera , Huan Yang

Several improvements in numerical methods and gauge choice are presented that make it possible now to perform simulations of the merger and ringdown phases of "generic" binary black-hole evolutions using the pseudo-spectral evolution code…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-29 Béla Szilágyi , Lee Lindblom , Mark A. Scheel