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This work proposes a contextualised detection framework for implicitly hateful speech, implemented as a multi-agent system comprising a central Moderator Agent and dynamically constructed Community Agents representing specific demographic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Ewelina Gajewska , Katarzyna Budzynska , Jarosław A Chudziak

A challenge in mitigating social bias in fine-tuned language models (LMs) is the potential reduction in language modeling capability, which can harm downstream performance. Counterfactual data augmentation (CDA), a widely used method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shweta Parihar , Liu Guangliang , Natalie Parde , Lu Cheng

Most research on hate speech detection has focused on English where a sizeable amount of labeled training data is available. However, to expand hate speech detection into more languages, approaches that require minimal training data are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Janis Goldzycher , Moritz Preisig , Chantal Amrhein , Gerold Schneider

Though majority vote among annotators is typically used for ground truth labels in natural language processing, annotator disagreement in tasks such as hate speech detection may reflect differences in opinion across groups, not noise. Thus,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Eve Fleisig , Rediet Abebe , Dan Klein

In the wake of a polarizing election, the cyber world is laden with hate speech. Context accompanying a hate speech text is useful for identifying hate speech, which however has been largely overlooked in existing datasets and hate speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Lei Gao , Ruihong Huang

With the rapid growth in language processing applications, fairness has emerged as an important consideration in data-driven solutions. Although various fairness definitions have been explored in the recent literature, there is lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Satyapriya Krishna , Rahul Gupta , Apurv Verma , Jwala Dhamala , Yada Pruksachatkun , Kai-Wei Chang

The opaque nature of deep learning models presents significant challenges for the ethical deployment of hate speech detection systems. To address this limitation, we introduce Supervised Rational Attention (SRA), a framework that explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Brage Eilertsen , Røskva Bjørgfinsdóttir , Francielle Vargas , Ali Ramezani-Kebrya

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the influence of sociocultural factors (i.e., social, cultural, and political) in the development of hate speech detection systems. We set out to investigate the suitability of using open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sidney G. -J. Wong

Hate speech detection on online social networks has become one of the emerging hot topics in recent years. With the broad spread and fast propagation speed across online social networks, hate speech makes significant impacts on society by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Guanyi Mou , Pengyi Ye , Kyumin Lee

Recent advancements in Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of highly realistic synthetic content, raising concerns about the potential for malicious use, such as misinformation and manipulation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Andrea Pedrotti , Michele Papucci , Cristiano Ciaccio , Alessio Miaschi , Giovanni Puccetti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Andrea Esuli

Abusive speech on social media poses a persistent and evolving challenge, driven by the continuous emergence of novel slang and obfuscated terms designed to circumvent detection systems. In this work, we present a data efficient strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Pritish N. Desai , Tanay Kewalramani , Srimanta Mandal

Analyzing ethnic or religious bias is important for improving fairness, accountability, and transparency of natural language processing models. However, many techniques rely on human-compiled lists of bias terms, which are expensive to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Awantee Deshpande , Dana Ruiter , Marius Mosbach , Dietrich Klakow

The ubiquity of social media has transformed online interactions among individuals. Despite positive effects, it has also allowed anti-social elements to unite in alternative social media environments (eg. Gab.com) like never before.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Michael Ridenhour , Arunkumar Bagavathi , Elaheh Raisi , Siddharth Krishnan

Target-oriented multimodal sentiment classification seeks to predict sentiment polarity for specific targets from image-text pairs. While existing works achieve competitive performance, they often over-rely on textual content and fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhiyue Liu , Fanrong Ma , Xin Ling

Large Language Models (LLMs), though shown to be effective in many applications, can vary significantly in their response quality. In this paper, we investigate this problem of prompt fairness: specifically, the phrasing of a prompt by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Meiyu Zhong , Noel Teku , Ravi Tandon

Recent advancements in GANs and diffusion models have enabled the creation of high-resolution, hyper-realistic images. However, these models may misrepresent certain social groups and present bias. Understanding bias in these models remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Cristian Muñoz , Sara Zannone , Umar Mohammed , Adriano Koshiyama

Satire detection is essential for accurately extracting opinions from textual data and combating misinformation online. However, the lack of diverse corpora for satire leads to the problem of stylistic bias which impacts the models'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Asli Umay Ozturk , Recep Firat Cekinel , Pinar Karagoz

The exponential increase in the use of the Internet and social media over the last two decades has changed human interaction. This has led to many positive outcomes, but at the same time it has brought risks and harms. While the volume of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Neeraj Vashistha , Arkaitz Zubiaga , Shanky Sharma

Fairness in machine learning research has largely focused on outcome-oriented fairness criteria such as Equalized Odds, while comparatively less attention has been given to procedural-oriented fairness, which addresses how a model arrives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Gideon Popoola , John Sheppard

Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised increasing concerns about their misuse in generating hate speech. Among all the efforts to address this issue, hate speech detectors play a crucial role. However, the effectiveness of different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Xinyue Shen , Yixin Wu , Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang