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Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a statistical learning method that seeks to build view-independent latent representations from multi-view data. This method has been successfully applied to several pattern analysis tasks such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Hichem Sahbi

Measuring the similarity of the internal representations of deep neural networks is an important and challenging problem. Model stitching has been proposed as a possible approach, where two half-networks are connected by mapping the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 András Balogh , Márk Jelasity

A common approach in neuroscience is to study neural representations as a means to understand a system -- increasingly, by relating the neural representations to the internal representations learned by computational models. However, a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-14 Andrew Kyle Lampinen , Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Yuxuan Li , Katherine Hermann

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been extremely effective in approximating complex distributions of high-dimensional, input data samples, and substantial progress has been made in understanding and improving GAN performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Daniel Jiwoong Im , He Ma , Graham Taylor , Kristin Branson

Recent work has compared neural network representations via similarity-based analyses to improve model interpretation. The quality of a similarity measure is typically evaluated by its success in assigning a high score to representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Adir Rahamim , Yonatan Belinkov

The sparsity of Deep Neural Networks is well investigated to maximize the performance and reduce the size of overparameterized networks as possible. Existing methods focus on pruning parameters in the training process by using thresholds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Mingjian Ni , Guangyao Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Peixi Peng , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian

We study the sample complexity of canonical correlation analysis (CCA), \ie, the number of samples needed to estimate the population canonical correlation and directions up to arbitrarily small error. With mild assumptions on the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Chao Gao , Dan Garber , Nathan Srebro , Jialei Wang , Weiran Wang

Contrastive learning is an efficient approach to self-supervised representation learning. Although recent studies have made progress in the theoretical understanding of contrastive learning, the investigation of how to characterize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Hiroki Waida , Yuichiro Wada , Léo Andéol , Takumi Nakagawa , Yuhui Zhang , Takafumi Kanamori

The internal representations learned by deep networks are often sensitive to architecture-specific choices, raising questions about the stability, alignment, and transferability of learned structure across models. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Saleh Nikooroo , Thomas Engel

Understanding what information neural networks capture is an essential problem in deep learning, and studying whether different models capture similar features is an initial step to achieve this goal. Previous works sought to define metrics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Yunzhen Feng , Runtian Zhai , Di He , Liwei Wang , Bin Dong

Graph kernels are kernel methods measuring graph similarity and serve as a standard tool for graph classification. However, the use of kernel methods for node classification, which is a related problem to graph representation learning, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yu Tian , Long Zhao , Xi Peng , Dimitris N. Metaxas

We revisit and extend model stitching (Lenc & Vedaldi 2015) as a methodology to study the internal representations of neural networks. Given two trained and frozen models $A$ and $B$, we consider a "stitched model'' formed by connecting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Yamini Bansal , Preetum Nakkiran , Boaz Barak

Artificial and biological agents cannon learn given completely random and unstructured data. The structure of data is encoded in the metric relationships between data points. In the context of neural networks, neuronal activity within a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Kosio Beshkov , Jonas Verhellen , Mikkel Elle Lepperød

Comparing the internal representations of neural networks is a central goal in both neuroscience and machine learning. Standard alignment metrics operate on raw neural activations, implicitly assuming that similar representations produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Sunny Liu , Habon Issa , André Longon , Liv Gorton , Meenakshi Khosla , David Klindt

Comparing neural network representations is essential for understanding and validating models in scientific applications. Existing methods, however, often provide a limited view. We propose the Triangle of Similarity, a framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Olha Sirikova , Alvin Chan

With a goal of understanding what drives generalization in deep networks, we consider several recently suggested explanations, including norm-based control, sharpness and robustness. We study how these measures can ensure generalization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Behnam Neyshabur , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , David McAllester , Nathan Srebro

In classical canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the goal is to determine the linear transformations of two random vectors into two new random variables that are most strongly correlated. Canonical variables are pairs of these new random…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-24 Tomasz Górecki , Mirosław Krzyśko , Felix Gnettner , Piotr Kokoszka

The main idea of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is to map different views onto a common latent space with maximum correlation. We propose a deep interpretable variational canonical correlation analysis (DICCA) for multi-view learning.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-03 Lin Qiu , Lynn Lin , Vernon M. Chinchilli

We introduce the loss kernel, an interpretability method for measuring similarity between data points according to a trained neural network. The kernel is the covariance matrix of per-sample losses computed under a distribution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Maxwell Adam , Zach Furman , Jesse Hoogland

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a technique for finding correlations between different data modalities and learning low-dimensional representations. As fairness becomes crucial in machine learning, fair CCA has gained attention.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Bojian Hou , Zhanliang Wang , Zhuoping Zhou , Boning Tong , Zexuan Wang , Jingxuan Bao , Duy Duong-Tran , Qi Long , Li Shen