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In a previous Letter, we showed that physical scattering observables for compact spinning objects in general relativity can depend on additional degrees of freedom in the spin tensor beyond those described by the spin vector alone. In this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-22 Mark Alaverdian , Zvi Bern , Dimitrios Kosmopoulos , Andres Luna , Radu Roiban , Trevor Scheopner , Fei Teng

In this work the worldline quantum field theory (WQFT) approach to computing observables of the classical general relativistic two-body system is presented. Compact bodies such as black holes or neutron stars are described in an effective…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-09 Gustav Uhre Jakobsen

We compute the classical one-loop gravitational Compton amplitude describing the scattering of a graviton off a massive spinning compact object at the second post-Minkowskian order, including terms through the quartic order in spin. Our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-06 Dogan Akpinar

We combine tools from effective field theory and generalized unitarity to construct a map between on-shell scattering amplitudes and the classical potential for interacting spinless particles. For general relativity, we obtain analytic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-31 Clifford Cheung , Ira Z. Rothstein , Mikhail P. Solon

In this paper, we revisit the smoothness of the classical limit of inclusive observables in the formalism developed by Kosower, Maybee and O'Connell (KMOC). Building on the earlier work [1-3], we prove that the classical limit of three…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-03 Pritish Sinha

Worldline quantum field theory (WQFT) has proven itself a powerful tool for classical two-body scattering calculations in general relativity. In this paper we develop a new worldline action involving bosonic oscillators, which enables the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-14 Kays Haddad , Gustav Uhre Jakobsen , Gustav Mogull , Jan Plefka

We consider scattering in quantum gravity and derive long-range classical and quantum contributions to the scattering of light-like bosons and fermions (spin-0, spin-1/2, spin-1) from an external massive scalar field, such as the Sun or a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-07 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , John F. Donoghue , Barry R. Holstein , Ludovic Plante , Pierre Vanhove

We compute the conservative and radiation-reaction contributions to classical observables in the gravitational scattering between a spinning and a spinless black hole to the fourth order in spin and third order in the gravitational…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-31 Dogan Akpinar , Fernando Febres Cordero , Manfred Kraus , Alexander Smirnov , Mao Zeng

We set up the Kosower, Maybee, O'Connell formalism for generic spin following a previous field theory construction and use it to extract a next-to-leading order eikonal formula for the linear-in-spin momentum impulse, $\Delta p^{\mu}$, and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-11 Juan Pablo Gatica

We consider a classical spinning particle in the frame of the relativistic physics by means of a covariant Hamiltonian and of a generalization of Poisson brackets which take into account the gauge fields. We obtain different equations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Berard , J. Lages , H. Mohrbach

In general relativity, systems of spinning classical particles are implemented into the canonical formalism of Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner [1]. The implementation is made with the aid of a symmetric stress-energy tensor and not a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Jan Steinhoff , Gerhard Schäfer , Steven Hergt

We study the process, within classical general relativity, in which an incident gravitational plane wave, of weak amplitude and long wavelength, scatters off a massive spinning compact object, such as a black hole or neutron star. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-04 M. V. S. Saketh , Justin Vines

We introduce a novel bootstrap method for classical Compton scattering amplitudes involving two massless gluon/graviton particles and two arbitrary-spin infinite-mass particles in a heavy-mass effective field theory context. Using a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-12 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Gang Chen , Marcos Skowronek

On-shell scattering amplitudes have proven to be useful tools for tackling the two-body problem in general relativity. This thesis outlines how to compute relevant classical observables that are themselves on-shell, directly from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-05-24 Ben Maybee

Scattering amplitudes have their origin in quantum field theory, but have wide-ranging applications extending to classical physics. We review a formalism to connect certain classical observables to scattering amplitudes. An advantage of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-04 David A. Kosower , Ricardo Monteiro , Donal O'Connell

We use an integral quantization model based on the Heisenberg-Weyl group to describe the motion of a spinless particle in the Minkowski background spacetime. This work is a sequel to a previous paper, devoted to mathematical aspects of our…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-23 Adam Cieślik , Andrzej Góźdź , Patryk Mach , Aleksandra Pȩdrak , Włodzimierz Piechocki

We present the amplitude for classical scattering of gravitationally interacting massive scalars at third post-Minkowskian order. Our approach harnesses powerful tools from the modern amplitudes program such as generalized unitarity and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-29 Zvi Bern , Clifford Cheung , Radu Roiban , Chia-Hsien Shen , Mikhail P. Solon , Mao Zeng

We introduce a covariant Multipole Expansion for the scattering of a massive particle emitting photons or gravitons in $D$ dimensions. We find that these amplitudes exhibit very powerful features such as universality, soft exponentiation,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-17 Yilber Fabian Bautista , Alfredo Guevara

We study the variance in the measurement of observables during scattering events, as computed using amplitudes. The classical regime, characterised by negligible uncertainty, emerges as a consequence of an infinite set of relationships…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-30 Andrea Cristofoli , Riccardo Gonzo , Nathan Moynihan , Donal O'Connell , Alasdair Ross , Matteo Sergola , Chris D. White

We show how to compute classical wave observables using quantum scattering amplitudes. We discuss observables both with incoming and with outgoing waves. The required classical limits are naturally described by coherent states of massless…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-21 Andrea Cristofoli , Riccardo Gonzo , David A. Kosower , Donal O'Connell