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We provide a concise overview on transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions, their application to topical issues in high-energy physics phenomenology, and their theoretical connections with QCD resummation, evolution…

We derive new Lorentz Invariance and Equation of Motion Relations between twist-three Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) and moments in the parton transverse momentum, $k_T$, of twist-two Generalized Transverse Momentum-Dependent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-10-31 Abha Rajan , Michael Engelhardt , Simonetta Liuti

The transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs), which are defined by gauge-invariant 3D parton correlators with staple-shaped lightlike Wilson lines, can be calculated from quark and gluon correlators fixed in the Coulomb gauge on a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-04 Yong Zhao

Single-spin asymmetries were long thought to vanish in high-energy scattering processes because of their specific time-reversal behavior. Time-reversal-odd phenomena, however, appear naturally when one includes effects of intrinsic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-02-19 P. J. Mulders

We present the first next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) calculation of the twist-2 matching coefficients for transverse momentum dependent (TMD) quark transversity parton distribution and fragmentation functions in QCD. This…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-03 Yu Jiao Zhu

Transverse parton momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDs) of the nucleon are studied in a covariant model, which describes the intrinsic motion of partons in terms of a covariant momentum distribution. The consistency of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-02 A. V. Efremov , P. Schweitzer , O. V. Teryaev , P. Zavada

We employ the Basis Light-Front Quantization (BLFQ) framework to compute the leading-twist (twist-2) and subleading-twist (twist-3) transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) of the kaon. The light-front wave…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-13 Yuanqi Lu , Zhimin Zhu , Jiangshan Lan , Chandan Mondal , Xingbo Zhao , James P. Vary

It is shown that the azimuthal dependence of the distribution of hadrons in a quark jet is a probe of the transverse spin of the quark initiating the jet. This results in a new spin-dependent fragmentation function that acts at the twist-2…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 John Collins

We initiate the study of transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions for heavy quarks, demonstrate their factorization in terms of novel nonperturbative matrix elements in heavy-quark effective theory (HQET), and prove new…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-10-06 Rebecca von Kuk , Johannes K. L. Michel , Zhiquan Sun

Our understanding of the transverse spin structure of hadrons might definitely get improved by the information we gather on transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions. These new functions could also be crucial for a description of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 U. D'Alesio , F. Murgia

We present preliminary results on the leading-twist transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon linearity function, which is directly connected to nucleon transverse-spin asymmetries originating from the density of linearly-polarized gluons.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-11 Alessandro Bacchetta , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Marco Radici

Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions describe the partonic structure of the nucleon in a three-dimensional momentum space. They are subjects of flourishing theoretical and experimental activity. They…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-08-24 Alessandro Bacchetta

We analyze the polarized Drell-Yan processes with spin-1/2 and spin-1 hadrons in a parton model. Quark and antiquark correlation functions are expressed in terms of possible combinations of Lorentz vectors and pseudovectors with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Hino , S. Kumano

Generalized transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) encode the most general parton structure of hadrons. Here we focus on two twist-2 GTMDs which are denoted by $F_{1,4}$ and $G_{1,1}$ in parts of the literature. As…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-04 K. Kanazawa , C. Lorcé , A. Metz , B. Pasquini , M. Schlegel

We investigate the transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) in the quasi-parton-distribution framework. The long standing hurdle of the so-called pinch pole singularity from the space-like gauge links in the TMD definitions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-12 Xiangdong Ji , Lu-Chang Jin , Feng Yuan , Jian-Hui Zhang , Yong Zhao

This handbook provides a comprehensive review of transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions, commonly referred to as transverse momentum distributions (TMDs). TMDs describe the distribution of…

We derive relations between transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDs) and the usual parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the 3D covariant parton model, which follow from Lorentz invariance and the assumption of a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-05-10 A. V. Efremov , P. Schweitzer , O. V. Teryaev , P. Zavada

We compute the twist-2 matching of the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) linearly polarized gluon parton distribution and fragmentation functions at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) in QCD, supplemented by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-07 Yu Jiao Zhu

In this work, we have calculated the photon leading-twist T-even transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). For these calculations, we have treated photon as a state of quark anti-quark pair and represent the TMDs…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-08-16 Satyajit Puhan , Narinder Kumar , Harleen Dahiya

We summarize the renormalization-group properties of transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDF)s arguing that in the light-cone gauge the overlapping ultraviolet and rapidity divergences cannot be solely…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-02-03 N. G. Stefanis , I. O. Cherednikov , A. I. Karanikas